Benefits of childcare robots

Benefits of childcare robots In todays ever-changing world, the rampant use of various technology and robots have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Since the Industrial Revolution, robots have been used in manufacturing and automotive industries. With the rapid advancement in technology, the use of robots is increasing at an exponential rate. From the graph above, it is evident that the world robot population has increased by almost 2 folds from 4.49million in 2006 to 8.37million in 2010. Domestic service, educational and leisure robots have contributed to the large increase in the use of robots in the 21st century. International Federation of Robotics (IFR) has forecasted a USD$17 billion in sales for the robot market worldwide by 2013. (http://www.ifr.org/) Hence, with the multi-faceted use of robots currently existing in our daily lives, one can expect robots specialising in childcare to be a part of reality in the near future. Children have always been fascinated by robots. This is reflected in the increasing number of students taking part in robotics competitions. Moreover, when a bomb disposal robot was deployed in a village of Iraq, it caught the attention of the village children who surrounded it with great interest. Studies have also shown that the interaction between robots and children have yielded positive effects. As a result, robots have also been used as tools for educational purposes. Advantages With the current population trend moving from single-income to dual-income families, there is an increasing need for parents to provide the necessary childcare services for their children while they are both busy at work. This trend coupled with the evolving use of robots has sparked the research on childcare robots as a means to resolving the issue of juggling with raising a child concurrently with providing for the family. The potential of childcare robots is immense and has thus generated a lot of hype. Not only can it have a huge impact on society but it also has the potential to bring about radical changes in our everyday lives. The concept of childcare robots has existed for decades. Proto-types of childcare robots are already available in the world today due to technological advancements which have minimised the cost of building and assembling a robot. Currently, there are 14 companies in Japan and Korea that have developed childcare robots. The PaPeRo is an example of a childcare robot which has been developed by NEC, a leading Japanese electronics company who is a pioneer in the development of childcare robots. It has been designed to live and interact with people through its autonomous and communication functions. One of its primary functions is to protect a child and prevent him from harms way. This can be done through mobile monitoring whereby the robot has cameras installed in its eyes which allow working parents to monitor their childs movement at home through their laptops while they are at work. The parent will have full control of the robot and can navigate it around the house to ensure that his or her child is under constant supervision even if he or she is not physically there. The PaPeRo can also be programmed to look out for potential hazardous situations and consequently prevent the child at home from becoming a victim of it. Its autonomous function and obstacle avoidance capability thereby allow working parents to focus on their work due to its nature of independent mobility. Disadvantages Although childcare robots may solve the woes of modern working parents, one cannot help but ask how credible is the robot in ensuring the safety of the child at home? Who should be responsible in the case whereby the child still gets hurt under the care of the robot? Childcare robots may have dire consequences on the child if they are not employed with caution. Previously, parents had to juggle between their family and work. As the concept of childcare robot surfaced, it liberated parents as the primary caregivers from choosing between their work commitments and looking after their child. This would result in less time spent together and the mutual bonding between parent and child will be lost in the process. The primary upbringing of a child thence no longer rests upon the shoulders of the parents but in the hands of a childcare robot instead. From a societal perspective, a parents primary responsibility is to provide for their offspring and protect them from harms way. Parents should also impart the necessary knowledge and skills to survive in their later years during the developmental stages of their children in their adolescence. Parents may thus be shirking their primary responsibilities by passing on their role as caregivers to childcare robots. Instead of breastfeeding, which is natural and healthy for a child and also aids in psychological bonding, a robot is created to breastfeed with powdered milk. This is physically not healthy for a baby and would be a worrying trend to society. The role of caregivers is no longer clearly defined between humans and robots. One can only wonder what kind of psychological impact this may potentially have on a child when he is brought up by an autonomous robot made of steel instead of his own warm-blooded biological parents. As robots become increasingly popular and available, should we devise international ethics guidelines for their use? -Manfred Werner The issue of formalised guidelines also arises with the extensive use of childcare robots in the future. To protect a child from negligence and abuse, there will be a need for governmental and international bodies to regulate and lay down ethical guidelines ensuring the fair and just use of childcare robots. By regulating its use, it could reiterate the fact that parents are still the primary caregivers of their child and childcare robots should only be a tool to assist them and not replace them. One should not hold the robots totally liable to the care of ones child. Children playing with robots Studies have shown that leaving a child with minimal human contact would retard the mental and intellectual development of the child. (http://www.education.umd.edu/EDHD/faculty/Fox/publications/94.pdf) Although the child may develop an emotional attachment to the robot, his cognitive development may be impaired as he may be spending most of his childhood with a childcare robot. Furthermore, the bonding between a child and robot may mislead the child into thinking that such a relationship is real and identical to that with human beings. The impairing of his cognitive abilities coupled with the inability to distinguish between human and robotic relationships may thus lead the child to face problems interacting with other children. Consequently, the child may alienate himself from the rest of society in response to the ostracising he potentially faces from his peers. Ultimately, robots are machines that face the usual technical problems of malfunctioning and may become obsolete over time. The child may outgrow the robot as his needs change at such a rapid rate. The childcare robot may only be programmed to handle toddlers and infants instead of school going children and hence it may become inadequate in looking after a child as they grow older. A child raised by machines may be detrimental to society and contribute to the degradation of healthy human relationships in the generations to come. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that childcare robots are largely beneficial to enhancing childcare. Even without the existence of robots, there are still cases of child abuse and negligence by parents who have shirked their responsibility in caring for their child. In such cases, a robot may actually do an even better job in ensuring that the child is well taken care of. As research on childcare robots intensifies, the robot can be programmed to perform more sophisticated tasks, inter alia, expressing emotions and reacting differently to a wide vocabulary of words and range of feelings. However, in spite of the hype and benefits of childcare robots, I personally feel that it would be of best interest to society that they should only be used as a tool to assist in childcare and not replace the quintessential role of parents. Conclusion In conclusion, although the potential and benefits of childcare robots are limitless in the future, it is critical for us human beings to take a step back and ponder over the underlying ethical and legal issues that arise from their use. There should be a concerted effort by governments and a regulatory body to create a set of common and concrete guidelines to regulate the use of childcare robots. However, I feel that these are but mere infant steps to a realm of human co-existing with artificial intelligence. I care about our young people, and I wish them great success, because they are our Hope for the Futureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dave Barry Youths are the key to our future. It is imperative then that children ought to be moulded in the footsteps of a human being than that of a cold piece of metal work.

All Different

I have been working with this organization for the past six months. It’s been from the last three months that I got permanent for this job as a researcher for the morning show â€Å"NEWS†. When I signed my employment contract with dawn news TV it was mentioned clearly there that the working hours for this job will be eight hours. However, through out this time I have been working on an average of fourteen hours six days a week and the show is doing pretty good too. Our team comprises of six people where there is room for more people in the team. It is due to this reason that the work load on the existing employees is very high.The show is going on air five days a week therefore we need extra help. There are no fixed working hours for this show. I walk in everyday at 10a. m. in the morning and by the time I leave office it’s almost midnight. These inflexible working hours is affecting my health and personal life. I am not able to give time to anything else. I am m arried with a young daughter and due to this job I am hardly able to give time to my wife and child. I am willing to put in the extra handwork but it’s unfair on my part because I am being paid like any other researcher in the team where as I do the work of the editor as well.These people leave early at six in the evening but I wait till the final episode is approved. Inconvenient working hour’s increases work related stress and can reduce the level of motivation. Flexible working hours is an important part of job satisfaction. It is management’s job to look into the well being of its employees at work because in the long run this can affect the quality of work too. Work should be divided among employees equally according to the skills of each employee in a way that no one feels the burden. I have noticed that the work at our office starts very late may be that’s the reason that it ends late.It will be preferable if everyone reaches office on time at nine in the morning so that everyone gets off early and can go home on time. The management needs to seriously look into the matter of hiring extra staff for our work. Once we get extra help the work load will be divided and it will help improve the timing issue automatically. I am assigned work that is more than my specified job. Recently I got to know that the company had hired another employee after me, she has been working on the same designation like me but she is being paid more than me. This is another factor which I feel is discrimination on my side.I like working for this organization that’s the reason I wanted to discuss the issue with you before taking on any decision. Our boss is single and a workaholic probably that’s why she doesn’t realize this inconvenience at work. You can talk to her and moreover if you want you can check my progress report and my work. I am sure that you won’t be disappointed. I am trying to give this organization my best b ut in return I want these two issues to be resolved my timings and pay otherwise I am liking my work and enjoy doing it and it’s an honor to be associated with Dawn news.I hope that you will look into this matter and consider my scenario. I will be waiting for your response, looking forward to your cooperation. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ TO: Daniel steel FROM: Chris Brown, manager Dawn News TV SUBJECT: inconvenient working hours DATE: 31 July, 2008 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I visited your department this week. I even had a meeting with your boss and have looked into your matter. I have asked them to present me a report regarding this matter and they will be submitting it in a shortly. You have been having issues adjusting with the time.There were few instances when you had to stay up late in office and that was due to the fact that your boss was not in town. But these kinds of circumstances are very rare and not everyday so you need to give it a consideration. You are over looking the fact that you work for an organization which is into media and the timings of offices in media are different from the ones in banking or any other place in case you are comparing it with them. Its not a nine to five job where you just walk in and complete your work and go back home it has completely different set of requirements.You are working for a show that deals with broadcasting news in morning timings. A news channel can come up with breaking news anytime of the day and we expect our employees to be cooperative enough to handle the situation and takeover without wasting anytime. That’s the reason that you might have got few calls at odd time of the day at fewer situations. It was not mentioned in your employment contract that when you need to be here and when to leave. You have to complete your number of working hours so if you walk in early then you need to go late too as you yourself mentioned that you reach office at 10a.m. once you complete your working hours you can leave and that’s what you normally do as far as my information is concerned. I completely understand that you have a personal life along with your professional life but I think you need to manage and plan things so that they don’t overlap and create problems for yourself. You talked about the pay rise. You have just joined this organization. It’s only been three months that you have become a permanent employee of Dawn news. Normally we don’t give a pay rise to any employee this soon.Every year we h ave an evaluation form that is filled by each employee and later interviews are held regarding work of each employee. This is done by the human resource department of the organization where we try to get feed back from everyone of their experience at work and their expectations from it moreover, how much have they learned and based on that we revise the pay structure if it is required. The other employee that joined after you is no doubt on the same designation as yours but you are again over looking the fact that he has already been working for Star channel for 1 years and CNBC for six months previously.When he joined he had a solid working experience relative to your job because compared to him this is your first job and you didn’t have any experience of a channel before. So it would be unfair on that person’s part if you compare your pay scale with him. Still next summer we will be having our evaluation, if we feel you are capable enough we will consider your appeal . As far as giving the credit is concerned then your name is mentioned in the editors at the end of the news so we do give you credit for what you are doing.I have gone through your progress report too. Well done! I like your dedication and commitment towards work and we need more people like you in the organization. Don’t let your self down. We don’t want to over stress out employees if you want you can take a leave and come back and join again may be this is going to help you. Apart from this if there is anything else feel free to contact me in future too I’ll try my best to help you with your queries. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assignment 2 IntroductionTrasberry departmental store has been operating in the country from the past 10 years and over the time it has been successful in opening 50 branches all over the country. It is one of the leading departmental stores in the region of its kind. Moreover, it is known for investing in innovative practices and implementing them in their business which keeps them way ahead then their competitors and has made their business so successful. Current Situation Along With the New System Transberry has been working in order to introduce a standardized extranet format that will be used by the company.At present all the information regarding the retailers while ordering inventory comes from diverse sources and therefore it is difficult for the suppliers and retailers to track one another. Moreover most of the data of the retailers is not synchronized so its gives a tough time to the suppliers. Therefore Transberry has worked with its IT professionals to come up with a solution in this field by creating a database where the information of all the suppliers and retailers will be sto red and maintained. Apart from that the system will be providing advance ordering process in order to maintain inventory.At present the company is using the traditional method of ordering which fails to predict the accurate level of reordering . In this orders have to be places months back so that delivery is made on time. However at the time of sales at one place there is excess inventory at the end of the month or there is shortage. The shortage adversely affects the image of the company as the customers have to face difficulty. Therefore the new system will over come both the problem of ordering as well as maintaining an extranet for the external use.Benefits †¢ The new system will organize the work and make it much fast and convenient for the retailers and suppliers. †¢ The ordering time will reduce †¢ Reliable data will be available which will help the source to track the destination. †¢ Data will not be up to date †¢ There will be less wastage of inven tory(Davila, Epstein, & Shelton, 2005). †¢ Often the excess inventory gets out of date or expired in terms of perishable goods so that problem will be solved too. †¢ There will be no customer discontent as timely delivery of goods will be made.†¢ Previously the ordering system used to take around two months now it will generate the order in one week and the goods will be delivered in the next three days. †¢ The pace of work will become much faster, time, resources and money will be saved. Costs Before this there was no proper database available to the existing retailers. Transberry has invested on the research and study of this system and it’s after six months that their IT team has come up with this system. The cost of this system will be undertaken by Transberry for the time being.They will be using the system for first few months however later on the company plans to hold a meeting where the new system will be introduced to the other companies in the sa me business and after consensus the costs will be shared among them all. Right now the total cost of this system along with labor will be $1 million. Method of Implementation It’s going to be a huge database and along with standardized extranet access. It will be requiring a team of researchers and analysts who along with our IT team will be working on the system once the project is approved. They will be giving us timely progress on this project every one week.The system will take another six months to develop and then come into function. All the other companies will be given access to this system later on depending on their status on this project. The company will be requiring specialist staff which they will have to hire in order to use the system later on. These IT professional will be given one week training on the job by our senior professionals. For the advance ordering process the data will have to be entered and the system will itself calculate the amount of inventor y to be ordered based on the past sales and season example Christmas, or summer season where the sales are high.The same people will be trained will be handing and take care of both the works. Conclusion Transberry has always been experimenting with their method of work in order to come up with better practices. The recent innovation that they have come up with is not going to benefit Transberry but on the whole it will be beneficial for every company in the industry. Innovation and creativity is required in every field especially in this fast moving era of technology.The system proposes a better solution of ordering and the major advantage of that is the reduction in wastage and accuracy in estimation of ordering inventory whereas the ordering system between retailer and supplier will also become efficient once the system is implemented. Its over all impact on the industry will be positive. The cost of the system initially is going to be high but if we look through the long term af fects and benefits that it is highly recommended that the company should move on with their decision of investing in this project and it is very necessary to solve the dilemma.

SAT Test Dates and Registration Deadlines for 2019â€20

The SAT is offered seven times a year:  August, October, November, December, March, May and June. SAT subject tests are administered on all of those dates except for in March. Also, plan carefully because not all subject tests are offered on a given date. SAT registration deadlines are typically about four weeks before the exam date. SAT Exam Dates and Registration Deadlines U.S. students have seven testing dates to choose from for taking the SAT in the 2019–20  admissions cycle.   SAT Exam Dates and Registration Deadlines Test Date Test Registration Deadline Late Registration Deadline August 24, 2019 SAT Subject Tests July 26, 2019 August 13, 2019 October 5, 2019 SAT Subject Tests September 6, 2019 September 24, 2019 November 2, 2019 SAT Subject Tests October 3, 2019 October 22, 2019 December 7, 2019 SAT Subject Tests November 8, 2019 November 26, 2019 March 14, 2020 SAT Only February 14, 2020 March 3, 2020 May 2, 2020 SAT Subject Tests April 3, 2020 April 21, 2020 June 6, 2020 SAT Subject Tests May 8, 2020 May 27, 2020 Be sure to plan ahead since  registration deadlines are roughly a month before the test date. You can often register late for an additional fee, but even late registration must be completed about ten days before the exam date. If you   miss the late registration deadline, you can still register for waitlist status up until five days before the exam date. If you are on the waitlist, there is no guarantee of admission to the exam, and an additional fee will be assessed if you are allowed to take the SAT. Waitlist requests are handled on the SAT website just like regular registration. Other SAT Test Dates The seven test dates in the table above are open to all students, but they are not the only dates that the SAT is offered. Some schools administer the SAT on a Tuesday or Wednesday in the fall or spring. Weekday exams have the benefit of not conflicting with weekend work or sports schedules, but you will obviously be missing all of your morning classes. Also, this option will be available only to students who attend participating schools. For the 2019–20 academic year, weekday exams are offered on October 16, March 4, March 25, April 14, and April 28. Finally, like the ACT, the SAT offers Sunday testing for students who cannot take a Saturday exam for religious reasons. If you wish to test on Sunday, you will need to get a letter from an official religious leader that explains your request. You will also find that you have far fewer options for your testing center on Sundays since only a small number of students have religious conflicts on Saturdays. When Should You Take the SAT? Youll hear different strategies for when and how many times you should take the SAT, but a good general rule is to take the exam once in the second half of junior year (March, May, or June). If your scores arent on target for your top choice colleges, youll have time to beef up your skills and retake the exam in the first half of senior year (August, October, November, and possible December).  Students applying to college through an  Early Decision  or  Early Action  program will typically  want to take the exam by October of senior year. To figure out whether or not you should retake the exam, youll need learn what your target colleges consider a good SAT score. A 1000 may be fine for many colleges, while SAT scores for the Ivy League tend to be in the 1400 range or higher.   Because the SAT tests the English and math skills you have learned in school, it is generally not advisable to take the exam before junior year. Unless youre an accelerated student, you simply wont have covered all of the material on the exam early in high school. That said, there are some special summer programs and awards that require early SAT testing. The scores from testing early shouldnt affect your admission chances as long as you take the exam again later in high school. How Much Does Registration for the SAT Cost? When you register for the SAT, youll need to pay the required fee. The cost will vary depending on your time of registration and which test you are taking: $49.50 for the basic SAT exam$64.50 for the SAT exam with the optional essay$30  additional fee for late registration$53  waitlist fee if you miss the registration deadlines and are admitted to a test center on test day$26 basic subject test registration fee$22  additional fee for each subject test$26 additional fee for a language with listening subject test   If your familys income makes paying these testing fees prohibitive, you may be able to qualify for an SAT fee waiver. You can learn more about fee waivers on  the SAT web site. A Final Word About SAT Testing and Registration The SAT, like all aspects of applying to college, requires some strategizing and planning. Be sure to map out timelines for junior year and senior year so that you dont miss important test dates and registration deadlines. If you are planning on taking SAT subject tests, planning is even more important since you cant take a subject test on the same day as the regular SAT. Finally, be sure to keep the SAT in perspective. Yes, it can be an important part of the college admissions process, but it is just one piece of the equation. A strong academic record with challenging classes, impressive letters of recommendation, a stunning essay, and meaningful extracurricular activities can all help make up for SAT scores that are less than ideal. Also keep in mind that there are hundreds of test-optional colleges that dont require SAT scores as part of the admissions process.

John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address - 1099 Words

The Inauguration A great period full various changes and conflicts, the nineteen-sixties wasn’t anything outside of native. From elections, wars, and inequality at its finest things seemed to be consistently moving at all angles and nothing puts a spark on the map brighter than one of our own presidents. It was January 20, 1962 when John Fitzgerald Kennedy took stage to be the thirty-fifth president of the United States. Written by Kennedy in late November of 1960, his inauguration speech goes to explain the various changes of the world as Kennedy campaigned to â€Å"get the country moving again.† His speech begins to address the differences of the generations as he wants to â€Å"pass the torch.† Kennedy expresses various ways of getting†¦show more content†¦Kennedy uses pathos in trying to show his care for peace and protecting his country. The Unites States history of morals and value are what he explains when he says,â€Å"†¦born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage.† In going back to uniting society he tries to get the older generations and newer generations on the same page. â€Å"The graces of young Americans who answered the call of service surround the globe.† In doing so he also establishes his love for the era he’s lived in himself. â€Å"The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it – and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.† This all was important at a time where the United States were fighting an adversary it was necessary for them not to lose faith in one another. Near the end of the speech is where Kennedy wraps it up with some karios. â€Å"And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you--ask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world, ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man† (Kennedy 24). His final thesis is what makes his speech so great. Kennedy basically sums up all of his arguments in his final two paragraphs as he asks the Americans to help the government help themselves. The only issue KennedyShow MoreRelatedThe Inaugural Address Of John F. Kennedy1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pathway to Success â€Å"The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy is considered one of the greatest speeches in twentieth-century American public address,† says Sara Ann Mehltretter from Penn State University. The 1960s was an important time period during American history. The speech was said to motivate Americans and unite them to successfully create a powerful government. In a time of desperation, the actions that the United States government would take to help come out successful was very importantRead MoreThe Inaugural Address Of John F. Kennedy1654 Words   |  7 PagesAn Effort Closer to A Better Country â€Å"The Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy is considered one of the greatest speeches in twentieth-century American public address,† says Sara Ann Mehltretter from Penn State University. The 1960s was an important time period during American history. The speech was said to motivate Americans and unite them to successfully create a powerful government. In a time of desperation, the actions that the United States government would take to help come out successfulRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1532 Words   |  7 PagesApril 20, 1961 John F. Kennedy. What do all these dates and names have in common is a question you may ask. One is that each name is of one of the many presidents of the United States. Two is the dates are the dates of each ones Inaugural address. The first ever Inaugural address was done April 30, 1789 by none other than the United States first president George Washington. 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Kennedy and His Inaugural Address Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pageswill forever be a day that marks a special moment in time in which President John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered one of the most memorable speeches in American History. His Inaugural address is one in which many famous quotes come from and one that is emulated in present speeches. In order to understand the importance of this inoculation one must understand the atmosphere of our nation at that time and what President Kennedy was trying to get across to his constituents. In this essay I will give youRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages NOT PRIDE BUT FREEDOM: Rhetorical Analysis of John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Tanner A. Woody Anderson University On January 20, 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy delivered a speech with a backdrop of snow and a twenty-degree wind blowing in his face in Washington D.C. In his speech, he starts off with saying that his victory is not for a party but it is for freedom. At the climax of his speech, JFK delivers a call to action which is also the most well-known line from his speech:Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address892 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessfully covey messages to their audience. John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, Severn Cullis-Suzuki’s Address to the Plenary Session, Earth Summit and Charlie Chaplin’s Let us all unite, all provide excellent examples of a distinctive voice. Each of these distinctive voices is formed through the use of emotive language, tone, repetition and rhetorical devices. JFK’s, Inaugural address states President Kennedy’s vision and mission for his term in office. Kennedy discusses important topics such as humanRead MoreAmerican Hope And Nationalism : John F. Kennedy s Inaugural Address1584 Words   |  7 Pages Revival of American Hope and Nationalism : John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address, 1961 Leading up to the election of 1960, the United States was in a state of utter disarray. Like a pandemic disease, hysteria impetuously swept across the country on an unprecedented scale. The root of the mania stemmed from the unresolved disagreements between Soviet Russia and the U.S. immediately after the disassembly of Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich in World War II. As disputes intensified, the two most powerful

Sight and Blindness in The Invisible Man Essay example

Throughout the novel Invisible Man, Ralph Ellison works with many different images of blindness and impaired vision and how it relates to perception. These images prove to be fascinating pieces of symbolism that enhance the themes of impression and vision within the novel. From the beginning of the novel when the narrator is blindfolded during the battle royal to the end where Brother Jacks false eye pops out, images of sight and blindness add to the meaning of many scenes and characters. In many of these situations the characters inability to see outwardly often directly parallels their inability to perceive inwardly what is going on in the world around them. Characters like Homer A. Barbee and Brother Jack believe they are all knowing†¦show more content†¦It should also be noted that the narrator never gives a name to the Founder or mentions Booker T. Washington. The author uses this to signify their invisibility in the real world. Related to the veiling Founder is a man w ho avows to the Founders extraordinary principles and astonishing contributions to the black community. Homer A. Barbee speaks about the Founder to students at the college and makes his life sound like a verse out of the Bible. He speaks of how the Founder miraculously recovered (119) as a baby, his incredible journey through the Underground Railroad, and the seemingly magnificent message he spread to the people: Ah, those days of ceaseless travel, those youthful days, those springtime days; fertile, blossomy, sun-filled days of promise. Ah, yes, those indescribably glorious days, in which the Founder was building the dream not only here in this then barren valley, but hither and yonder throughout the land, instilling the dream in the hearts of the people (124). Barbee makes the Founder sound like Jesus leading a flock of sheep. Barbees speech was so powerful and moving that he made the narrator see the vision (133), and only after Barbee was done speaking did the narrator realize that he was blind. This actual blindness is symbolic of Barbee praising a man that he sees fit, yet the Founder is not truly worthy of Barbees praises. Barbee can only see the Founder through blind eyes, in whichShow MoreRelatedCure for Blindness - Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesRalph Ellisons Invisible Man was a crucial literary tool in raising awareness of and forwarding the equal rights movement for African Americans when it reached readers of all races in the 1950s. The Cultural Contexts for Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man claims that the novel envisions nothing less than undoing African Americans cultural dispossession. Ellisons words are indeed an eloquent unraveling of social stereotypes and racisms. 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Apple essay Free Essays

Churner (2014) writes an interesting article portraying Apple’s return to the bond market in 2014. In April 2014 Apple completed its second blockbuster bond sale in a year. Apple sold $ban of debt of varying maturities at interest rates that were mostly less than a percentage point above comparable U. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. Treasury debt (Churner, 2014). This sale goes a long way in highlighting the faith in the prospects of Apple. The offering was extremely tempting for investors whom flocked to place more than $ban in orders (Churner, 2014). The bonds sold Tuesday offered interest rates relative to Treasures that were similar to last year’s sale. For example, a 10-year bond from Apple on Tuesday was priced to yield 0. 77 percentage point more than comparable Treasures. Last year, Apple priced 10-year bonds to yield 0. 75 percentage point more (Churner, 2014). In all, Apple sold fixed-rate bonds maturing in three, five, seven, 10 and 30 years, and were priced to yield 1. 068%, 2. 108%, 2. 889%, 3. 460% and 4. 483%, respectively (Churner, 2014). Deutsche Bank GAG and Goldman Sacks Group Inc. Deed the sale. The head of ‘investment grade credit at Invoices, Chuck Burger describes how â€Å"Apple’s bonds are an attractive alternative to Treasury bonds. † He goes on to suggest that the reason they are so popular is due to their past strong performance, and the fact that everyone knows of Apple and has become very trustworthy of the brand name. Invoices spent $million on the new Apple bonds. The value of Apple’s bonds is determined through their supply and demand like any other economic good or service. Demand for Apple’s bonds has been high for a few seasons, and therefore the value of the bonds is also high. They are highly sought after because they are rated as AAA+, the second highest rating (Churner, 2014)- this is turn reflects a corporate-debt market that is putting in a strong performance this year. Bond prices are often inversely correlated to expectations about the future economy, and thus the stock market. In 2013 bond investments (demand) declined amid investor expectations that the U. S. Economy would pick up steam. However, this has turned around in 2014 as expectations have deteriorated. Apple does have a lathe cash pile ($1 ban) but there are a range of investors that fear selling bonds to reward shareholders can ding the value of a company’s outstanding debt. In order for the value of Apple’s bonds to remain strong it must ensure that it keeps its products as industry leaders; as soon as this is not the case the demand to invest in Apple bonds will shrink and the price will fall. Worktables (2013) attempts to explain why a company like Apple with such high cash levels would want to issue bonds; fundamentally issued by companies to raise cash. This essentially comes down to a irk in the tax regime: â€Å"According to analyst estimates, Apple has $Bonn of cash- but only $ban on hand in the U. S. , and thus not enough to fully fund the share buy- back program† (Worktables, 2013). Therefore although Apple has a vast amount of cash, it needs the ability to access more in order to make up for the less accessible cash they have stored abroad. References Churner, M. , (2014). Apple Returns to Bond Market. How to cite Apple essay, Essays

Management Cross and Across Borders †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management Cross and Across Borders. Answer: Introduction Globalization has led organizations to operate across-borders by establishing business in different countries across the globe. This demand for international operating has led to changes in business environment due to the need for globalization (Mintzberg, 2000, P. 12). As many organizations scramble for global space in there are benefits and challenges that are associated with such business strategies thus the need for organizations to develop strategies that can ensure their success in such business initiatives. Stacey (2007, P. 21) argues that managing across boarders comes with challenges that every organization has to work on to survive in the global environment. This puts managers of such organizations in difficult position to deal with the challenges of globalization. Only organizations that have put proper strategies in place can survive this business environment. This report analyses the concept of management across-borders by looking at the opportunities, challenges and str ategies for managing across-borders. The global context of management Globalization arises with different opportunities that led to interconnectedness of the globe thus allowing people to easily interact with each other. This led to cross-border activities due to lessened distances between nations due to advances in technology, transportation and communication. This led to the development of world governing bodies to try and control business across the globe and regions (Acedo Casillas, 2005, P. 622). Unlike the scramble and partitioning that took place during colonialization, bodies such as the EU, WTO, ECOWAS and NATO have come up as a way of defending regional business to protect the interests of business opportunities that fall within the regions that they come from. In the past, globalization and trade was a matter of developed countries but emerging economies like the BRICS have changed the way business is carried out due to the opportunities that are created by cross boarder opportunities (MacIntosh OGorman, 2015, P. 189). Burkley (2005, P. 8) argues that when organizations operate in across boarders in a global environment, they are faced with geographical management strategies that have to be used to manage challenges that emanate from such opportunities. This leads to the need to manage tensions that is due to divisions in the organization that operates on divided units across the globe. Managers have to develop multiple strategic capabilities and at the same time allow the organization to transfer competencies across-borders. While these business operations will be run in different regions, the core business idea must be maintained and a close link between the mother organizations established to ensure that the business survives. Managers have to ensure that their organizations are simultaneously achieving global efficiency, national responsiveness and the ability to develop and exploit opportunities on a worldwide basis(Braithwaite Drahos, 2000). This has been caused by several factors like Chang es in world output and world trade, type of companies operating across-borders and change in the world order which have shaped the way business is carried out across-borders. This rapid changes in the world lead to new management challenges that are as a result of Cross-cultural diversity and management The analogy of the iceberg has been used to conceptualize the cultural framework as consisting of different layers that are not visible. Whatever is seen is the floating tip of the iceberg (Belhoste Morin, 2013, P. 1529). This means that there are deeper cultural concerns for managers. A deeper understanding of culture is based on looking at the submerged part of the iceberg that consists of expressed value and reflects the basic and taken-for-granted assumptions which form the foundations of each culture. According to Maude (2011, P. 23) management across boarders entails dealing with different cross-cultural situations that may affect a business. As companies globalize and move across-borders they need more people to work with them who will come from different countries and cultures. This creates a complex and important station that cross-border managers have to deal with. Managers not only have to learn to adapt to this new cultures but rather have to align employees from differe nt cultural background to accommodate each other to meet the needs of the organization (Richard, 2005, P. 12). Managers have to overcome differences in communication business activities that will vary from country to country. Such managers struggle with the effect of culture on their work without knowing how it affects them (Braithwaite Drahos, 2000, P. 17). This is because business patterns will vary from country to country, ways of doing business, negotiating and crating contact with clients varies based on the cultural differences that exist between the two people. The culture map is used to explain different types of behaviour that occur at the workplace. This allows managers to identify and plan for available resources within regions by pointing out problems that need to be solved and strengths that can be utilized within the context. This will identify several differences that exist between different groups within the business environment. For example communication and work place etiquettes vary from region to region. The way to manage teams will vary from one region to another. Cultural differences will affect employee attitudes and their abilities to work within the organization. This will lead to challenges like difficulties in allowing groups to openly express their views. This is because ways of approaching issues will vary from one culture to another. For example cultural styles of Asia vary from those in the westernized countries or the US. On the other hand, countries in the Muslim regions have different cultural attributes and the way to approach business. Managers have to understand the cultural differences of the teams that they are dealing with at all times. The manager has to adapt the management style to cope with different cross-border cultural issues across the globe. Characteristics of cross-border managers Research has indicated that to manage across-borders; managers need to have specific abilities that define them with core characteristics that make them successful. Such managers have a personal character that is characterized by an emotional level and uncompromising integrity. Through their emotional ability, cross-border managers connect with people at the emotional level through three steps; sincere interest, effort to listen and ability to understand different perspective of people across-borders. Such leaders also need the ability to deal with uncertainty within the business environment. Managers in cross-border business initiatives deal with certainty more than those working across-borders. This is based on tensions that are brought about by differences in culture thus requiring higher tolerance levels to cope with such cultures. On the other hand, there is the need to balance between local and global business needs to succeed. The manager has to have a global mindset that is important in understanding the differences in culture that may exist within the globe. Different cultures present different needs to manage differently thus posing different challenges to the manager (Hill, 2005, P. 32). Therefore such managers can manage intellectual capital, psychological capital and social capital to ensure that the organization progresses well. Challenges of managing across boarders One major challenge faced by global managers is the exposure to risks which may affect the heath of an organization. The need to integrate human resource and other data functions of the organization is a bigger challenge for many organizations (Verlag, 2011, P. 165). This is because many organizations lack strategies for managing across-borders that have been put in place before. This can lead to poor alignment of resources thus creating risks for the organization. Research has shown that many organizations struggle with compliance and risks that emanate from the global and cross-border business activities. One other challenge is managing multiple human resource systems for every business operation that is carried out across a different country. Every border that the business penetrates needs to have its own human resource system that needs to be integrated into the larger system (Acocella, 2005, P. 34). This presents challenges in human resource management of the organization since it requires a new human capital management strategy that pushes the organization to new levels. Government policies vary from country to country and region to region. This affects business activities and the way to manage. For example many countries are members of regional block bodies that seek to control business activities within these regions. Government policies influence business through monetary policy, control of inflation, subsidies and tariffs, regulations and corporate tax and fiscal policy (Baumol, 2002, P.21). Business managers have that governments are the most challenging figures in business since a single regulation can send shockwaves along the globe affecting a long chain of businesses that fall within the regulated area. These policies affect the economic value of any organization and today the involvement of the government has increased due to the global effects of the economic crisis. Every country charges its custom duties and taxes based on its domestic policies and economic strategies. According to Sawyerr, McGee, Peterson (2003, P. 271), ggovernments a re stepping to control their economy through monetary and economic recovery schemes that affect every business organization. Global organization will be affected most due to changes in the global exchange rates that vary from country to country. Some governments will put sanctions will others will amend or pass new laws that affect business operations within the country. However, in some instances, government policy may have positive outcomes to a business. One other challenge faced by management across-borders is meeting needs of employees who are sent to work across-borders. Many global organizations have a mixture of local employees within the country and expatriates. Expatriates are sent to manage the complex parts of the organization to enable the organization maintain business standards like the one in the mother country (Kohler Chaves, 2003, P. 21). Sometimes expatriates see this as an opportunity for their own individual growth. This raises their expectations and makes it difficult for organizations to meet their needs. Opportunities for cross-border operations The global climate offers a mixture of opportunities and challenges for managers. Changing economic circumstances create business opportunities in some sectors that had been closed and were never open for trade. This allows organizations to exploit these opportunities by tapping into the benefits that can be received from such opportunities. New emerging economies and developed countries offer better business climate as compared to developed countries. They offer cheap labor, available raw materials and resources that have not been exploited before(Kohler Chaves, 2003). Through transfer packaging many organizations have shifted their business operations to these countries to spread their business risk. Some multinational corporations have adopted international contract manufacturing or outsourcing as a way of reducing high domestic labor costs from their countries. Management across-borders opens more opportunities for the organization. Managers can reap the benefits associated with new market opportunities by exploring such markets to ensure that they get the best out of the market. Cross-borders operations offer new business opportunities that need to be exploited by the organization. These are new markets and new resources that may not have been exploited. Through cross-border management the organization is able to access new opportunities that may offer better business opportunities. This is also offers product flexibility by allowing products that are not moving in the domestic country to be tried out in across these borders. Low competition is one of the major factors that has been linked with cross-border operations. Since international markets vary from region to region, organizations can choose regions with less competition and the ones that favor them. This allows for easy business operations and reduces pressure that such businesses face in their domestic countries (Starkey Madan, 2001, P. 12). Developed countries are witnessing increased competition and pressure from market demands where the customers want greater business opportunities. This has led to the need to explore developing markets and emerging economies as a way of diversifying business risks. Strategies for cross-border operations One strategy that a business can use as a strategy for global operations moving across-borders is a development opportunity that makes the organization to grow and diversify its business operations. The analogy of the organization can be used to justify how an organization grows (Lawrenc Lorsch, 2007, P. 4). Differentiation is a strategy that allows business divisions within an organization to grow their own corporate culture within the company. This allows for different approaches that are used to manage business processes within the organization. This can entail having differentiated strategies across-borders. Gasparini Bianco (2011, P. 16) suggests that through differentiation, organizations are able to develop strategies that fit the specific regions that they work in rather than sticking to the original business plan of the organization. Horizontal differentiation can be used to allow employees to report to different functional managers. Spatial differentiation works best for organizations that work across-borders. It allows employees to work in different locations on tasks that are assigned to them. When organizations move across-borders, management may decide to differentiate some units within the organization or develop a full unit within the new region (Child, Faulkner, Pitkethly, 2001, P. 35). Differentiation allows organizations to manage activities separately thus reducing risks that may be associated with such business processes. Sometimes increased differentiation can lead to changes in the organization structure when the differentiated section of the organization grows to accommodate larger organizational processes. Cost leadership is business strategy used to establish competitive advantage through low cost operations. This strategy is driven by the scale, size, scope and efficiency of the organization. This strategy targets exploitation of scale operations of the organization through producing highly standardized products through reduced costs of production. This has been used as a penetration strategy of entering new markets by many organizations (Zimmerman Hudson, 2006, P. 8). Managers need to analyze new cross-border opportunities and develop cost leadership strategies that can lead to penetration in such markets. Through use of modern technologies, businesses can develop new products through cost leadership and access new global and cross-border markets. Walmart is one of the organizations that has used cost leadership strategies to move from one border to another. However, this strategy has been criticized as creating room for new entrants since low cost leadership creates economies of s cale that allows easy entrance into the market. Diversity is an issue in modern management that every manager has to deal with. Diversity management entails developing strategies that seek inclusion of employees from various backgrounds within the organization (Minkov Hofstede, 2011, P. 15). The need for diversity in management has been pushed by a globalized economy that requires inclusion of every individual within the society. The long-term success of any business calls for a diverse body of talent that can bring fresh ideas, perspectives and views to their work. The challenge that diversity poses, therefore, is enabling your managers to capitalize on the mixture of genders, cultural backgrounds, ages and lifestyles to respond to business opportunities more rapidly and creatively. Organizations that operate in society are required to achieve diversity levels that reflect the societies that they work in (Edewor Aluko, 2007, P. 197). The long-term success of any business calls for a diverse body of talent that can bring fresh i deas, perspectives and views to their work. The challenge that diversity poses, therefore, is enabling your managers to capitalize on the mixture of genders, cultural backgrounds, ages and lifestyles to respond to business opportunities more rapidly and creatively. When managing across-borders, diversity refers to heterogeneity of the organization but rather composition of the workforce across nations. This means that managers have to develop a diverse environment that accommodate employees from different backgrounds, perspectives, abilities and disabilities. Many companies, however, still face challenges around building a diverse environment. Part of the reason is the tendency to pigeonhole employees, placing them in a different silo based on their diversity profile. Conc lusion Management across-borders offers both challenges and opportunities for the organization. Businesses that seek to work across-borders focus on tapping the benefits associated with cross-border business operations. Managers have to develop strategies that enable them to access cross-border opportunities. Through differentiation and cost leadership, organizations can reap the benefits associated with cross-border marketing opportunities to increase business efficiencies. Managers need to ensure that proper strategies are put in place to ensure that organizations succeed in their quest for cross-border management operations. Managers can reap the benefits of cross border operations if they put proper strategies in place. References Acedo, F. J. Casillas, J., 2005. Current paradigms in internatiomal management field an author co-citation analysis. International Business Review, 14(1), pp. 619-639. Acocella, N., 2005. Economic policy in the age of globalisation. s.l.: Cambridge University Press. Baumol, W., 2002. The Free-Market Innovation Machine: Analyzing the Growth Miracle Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Belhoste, N. Morin, P., 2013. Constructing differences in a cross-cultural context: National distance, social differentiation or functional distinction. Human Relations, Volume 66. Braithwaite, J. Drahos, P., 2000. Global business regulation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge, University Press. Burkley, P., 2005. What is international business?. London: Palgrave. Child, J., Faulkner, D. Pitkethly, R., 2001. The Management of International Acquisitions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Gasparini, A. Bianco, D. D., 2011. Strategies and euroregions for cross border cooperations in Balikan and Danube European countries. s.l.:Grafica Goriziana . Hill, C., 2005. International business: competing in the global market place. New York: McGraw Hill. Kohler, G. Chaves, E. J., 2003. Globalization: Critical Perspectives. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Lawrenc, P. R. Lorsch, J. W., 2007. Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 12(1). MacIntosh, R. OGorman, K., 2015. Introducing Management in a Global Context. Wolvercote, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers Ltd. Maude, B., 2011. Managing Cross-cultural communications Principle and Practice. Palgrave Macmilan: s.n. Minkov, M. Hofstede, G., 2011. The evolution of Hofstedes doctrine. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(1), pp. 10-20. Mintzberg, H., 2000. The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning. Harlow:: Prentice Hall. Patrick Edewor: Yetunde Aluko, 2007. Diversity management, challenges and oportunities in multinational organizations. The International Jounal of Diversity Management in Organizations, Communities and Nations, 6(6), pp. 190-195. Richard, M., 2005. Internatioal Management- Cross Cultural Dimenesions. 3rd ed. s.l.:Black Well Publishing. Sawyerr, O., McGee, J. Peterson, M., 2003. Perceived Uncertainty and Firm Performance in SMEs. International Small Business Journal, 1(3), pp. 269-290. Stacey, R., 2007. Strategic Management and Organization Dynamics. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Starkey, K. Madan, P., 2001. Bridging the relevance gap: Aligning stakeholders in the future of management research. British Journal of Management, pp. 3-26. Verlag, R. H., 2011. Barriers to co-operation and competitive advantage: cross-border business networks of Saxon and Northern Bohemian firms. Journal of East European Management Studies, 16(2), pp. 162-184. Zimmerman, A. Hudson, K., 2006. Managing Wal-Mart: How US-store chief hopes to fix Wal-Mart. Wall Street Journal.