Cost Accounting Essay

Questions emerge with regards to why ABC execution is effective in specific organizations and flops in others. In light of the possibility hypothesis, specialists have contended that the purposes behind various degrees of ABC achievement could be because of the diverse logical variables looked by each firm. These have driven scientists to perceive evaluating factors that impact ABC achievement usage as a significant research region. Coming up next are among the examination that have been done to analyze factors that impact ABC achievement: Anderson [18]; Shield [3]; McGowan and Klammer [19]; Krumwiede [20]; and Anderson and Young [21] This article has two primary destinations; the principal objective is to recognize inquire about holes dependent on the update of past research and the subsequent target is to propose hypothetical research structure for flow look into. This article is sorted out as follows: Section II presents a conversation of chose articles identified with factors affecting ABC usage and holes or restrictions of past investigations and recommendations for ebb and flow inquire about are expressed in the segment III and IV. The system for ebb and flow look into is given in area V, Section VI characterizes each examination variable and the last segment presents the end. II. Past RESEARCH In this area, chose ABC execution exact 144 Abstractâ€In today’s propelled producing and serious condition, exact costing data is pivotal for all the sorts of organizations, for example, fabricating firms, merchandizing firms, and administration firms. Contended to be better than the customary volume-based costing framework, Activity-Based Costing framework (ABC) has progressively pulled in the consideration of professionals and specialists the same as one of the vital instruments to help supervisors for better dynamic. The advantages of ABC framework and its effects on companies’ execution have roused various experimental investigations on ABC framework and it is considered as one of the most-examined the board bookkeeping territories in created nations. Past research on ABC have inspected relevant issues identified with ABC execution, for example, the degrees of ABC reception in different nations, the explanations behind actualizing ABC, the issues identified with ABC and the basic achievement factors affecting ABC. This paper audits the examination on ABC completed inside the most recent decade, from 1995-2008, and from the survey look into holes are recognized. In particular, this paper analyzes the determination of components impacting effective ABC usage, factors utilized by past research and the definitions and operationalization of the factors. The survey uncovers that past research focused for the most part on social, authoritative, and specialized factors as the principle determinants of ABC achievement yet next to no examination have been done to look at the jobs of hierarchical culture and structure. In view of the exploration holes recognized, an examination system for future research is given. Record Termsâ€Advanced Manufacturing Activity-Based Costing, ABC Success Environment, I. Presentation In today’s serious and persistently changing business condition, firms should be cautious of the effects of the adjustments in the business condition and devise fitting procedures to endure and succeed. Headways in assembling and correspondence advances have definitely changed the manners in which organizations lead their exercises. Reception of cutting edge producing innovations, for example, mechanical technology and electronic assembling have brought about critical changes in the assembling cost structure which have driven scholastics and professionals to contend that the conventional costing techniques are not, at this point adequate inside this new assembling condition [1] (Johnson and Kaplan, 1987). This had brought about the change from the conventional volume-based cost model to new costing strategies, for example, Activity Based Costing (ABC) [2]. Because of its capacity in giving increasingly exact costing data and upgrading firms’ execution, ABC is International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, Vol. 1, No. 2, August, 2010-023X examinations, which traversed 1995-2008 periods, were gathered from four unmistakable refereed bookkeeping research diaries, in the board bookkeeping field: Journal of Management Accounting Research, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Management Accounting Research and British Accounting Review. Elements utilized by past research to examine the impact on ABC achievement execution are summed up, and phase of ABC usage likewise is sketched out. A. Specialized Variables Early investigations of ABC reception and execution attempted by past scientists focused on specialized components, for example, distinguishing proof of primary exercises, choice of cost drivers, issue in gathering cost information. Case of these examination are Cooper [9], Morrow and Connelly [22]. Be that as it may, specialized factors alone may not be satisfactory to clarify the variables affecting ABC achievement execution. Cooper et al. [23] contended that the key issue during ABC usage stage is that organizations just spotlight on specialized elements. They proposed that to make ABC usage progressively powerful, non-specialized factors, for example, contribution of non-bookkeeping in ABC execution process, top administration title, satisfactory preparing project to workers about the goals and advantages of ABC ought to be underscored too. Comparative feelings were communicated by Shield [3] and Shields and McEwen [14]. Shield (1995) found no critical connection between specialized components and ABC achievement. Shields and McEwen [14] additionally featured that sole accentuation on the structural and programming plan of ABC frameworks prompts the disappointment of ABC usage. In this manner numerous analysts have recommended that new factors ought to be considered to examine factors affecting ABC achievement. B. Logical, Behavioral and Organizational Variables Recognizing the examination holes in distinguishing factors that may influence ABC achievement, academicians moved their concentrations from specialized components to different factors, for example, relevant, social and authoritative, culture, just as hierarchical structure. Anderson [18] directed a longitudinal examination of ABC process in General Motor (GM) from a time of 1986 to 1993. In his examination, he inspected the impacts of hierarchical factors and logical factors, and fragmented ABC execution into four significant stages, commencement, appropriation, adjustment and acknowledgment. He found that hierarchical elements, for example, top administration backing and preparing for the ABC framework influenced different phases of ABC essentially, while logical factors, for example, rivalry, pertinence to managers’ choices and similarity with existing frameworks delivered diverse level of effect on various phases of ABC. Shield [3] inspected the connections between decent variety of conduct, authoritative and specialized variables and the accomplishment of ABC usage. She utilized Shield and Young’s [24] structure and summed up conduct and hierarchical factors as top administration support, sufficient assets, preparing, interface ABC framework to execution assessment and remuneration, non-bookkeeping possession, connect ABC to serious methodologies just as clearness of ABC destinations. She found that top administration support, linkage to quality activities and to individual execution measure (pay/evaluation), usage of preparing and asset sufficiency were the critical indicators in clarifying ABC achievement. She additionally found that specialized factors were not related with ABC achievement. Shield’s discoveries are bolstered by different scientists, for example, Shield and McEwen [14], who contended that a huge reason for ineffective usage of ABC of a few organizations could be because of the accentuation of structural and programming plan of the ABC framework and less consideration given to social and authoritative issues, which were distinguished by Shield [3]. Krumwiede and Roth [25] additionally expressed that obstructions of ABC usage can be survived if firms could offer significance to conduct and rganizational factors distinguished by Shield [3]. Additionally, Norris [26] concurred with Shield’s [3] discoveries that the relationship between ABC achievement and conduct and authoritative factors is more grounded than with specialized factors. She further featured that the effect of social, hierarchical and specialized ought to be engaged at singular level. McGowan and Klammer [19] led an overview of 53 representatives from 4 focused on locales in the U. S. o inspect whether employees’ fulfillment levels are related with ABC usage by They likewise estimated their impression of the components related with the level of fulfillment, for example, top administration support; the level of association in the execution procedure; targets plainly expressed; goals shared; preparing; linkage to execution assessment framework; sufficient assets; data quality and preparer over client. Their outcomes showed that employees’ fulfillment with ABC execution was decidedly related with clearness of targets and nature of ABC data. Gosselin [15] completed a study of 161 Canadian assembling organizations to analyze the impacts of key stance and hierarchical structure on reception and usage of general types of Activity-based costing. He divided the ABC usage stage into selection and execution. The examination discoveries demonstrated that a miner methodology was related with administrator choice to receive ABC, while centralization and formalization were fundamentally connected with ABC achievement usage. Krumwiede [20] studied U. S producing firms to concentrate how relevant variables, for example, the potential for cost mutilation or size of firms; authoritative elements, for example, top administration backing, preparing or no

Lasting Effects of the European Renaissance How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay Example

Enduring Effects of the European Renaissance: How the Traditions Continue in Modern American Societ Essay The European Renaissance, dating from the fifteenth through the seventeenth century, was a period of reverberating changes in governmental issues, workmanship, science, religion, and comprehension of mankind. The craftsmen and extraordinary masterminds of this period, looked to reflect authenticity and logicâ through their works. From this timespan, thoughts have thrived which despite everything impact the very structures of American culture today. The dormant impact of the European Renaissance can in any case be found in the proceeding with conventions found in current craftsmanship, financial matters, governmental issues, and education.It is ordinarily accepted that the Renaissance period started in the autonomous state republics of Italy and spread through the remainder of Europe. With their tendency toward semi just political frameworks and an essential monetary framework which would later be viewed as the approach of free enterprise, the thoughts that conveyed toward the North , South, East, and West from urban communities, for example, Florence immensy affected not just the social and social conventions of Europe yet additionally the political and financial. With pulverization of the populace, because of the spread of the dark plague all through Europe, the customary thoughts and frameworks would tossed into a change. The monetary structure was vigorously stressed by a misfortune in populace and therefore request. Without an open to whom they could sell their products, craftsmans and ranchers suffered.The changes and hardship fashioned by the plague took into consideration an opening for new plans to prosper. The working class started to be found in the significant urban areas of Europe, filling the once-injured economy. This new social structure has proceeded through the ages, similarly as the private enterprise that bolsters it has additionally prospered. Despite the fact that the classification has all the more as of late been portrayed to bring down white collar class, upper-working class, and just working class, the point of reference of monetary detachments past upper and lower class was built up and is currently an imbued piece of American life. Not exclusively is there still a clear class framework, with an unmistakable detachment between the rich and poor however as noted above in the classification of various kinds of white collar class, it has likewise become a piece of the way of life. How frequently is a character in a film called â€Å"working class† or â€Å"blue collar†? Could make reference to be made in the news on any money related subject without reference to a â€Å"middle† â€Å"lower† or â€Å"upper class†? Monetarily, America stays as isolated as Renaissance-period Europe.The beginnings of present day exchange and investigation were seen with the coming of new navigational toolsâ and a superior comprehension of cosmology and science. With new exchange courses built up, Eu rope found in inundation of outside products, for example, flavors and a spike in exchange between the nations. This forerunner to organized commerce, assisted with enhancing and manufacture the economies. In Florence, the financial frameworks assisted with keeping up and direct the development of riches working notâ not at all like the advanced financial arrangement of reserve funds and credit. The U.S.’s current monetary framework, put together all things considered with respect to free venture and exchange couldn't have developed into it’s current manifest without these early turns of events. Much like today, exchange was managed by request and new innovation. The coming of the print machine made the printed word increasingly available to the majority and expanded investigation took into consideration more extensive exchange capacities. This spread of information can be compared to Internet in it’s capacity to unite the masses and help with the spread of ne w thoughts. Generally striking for the Renaissance is the spread of humanism which we can in any case find in the human intrigue side of reporting or even the later interest of the American open with unscripted tv. The Renaissance thought of authenticity is taken to a last extraordinary in the arranged authenticity of such shows as Survivor and Big Brother. Authenticity has developed to turn into an oddity as much as a workmanship form.Owing to the deplorability of the plague, individuals started to consider their own mortality and to think past the congregation upheld theory of living for the great beyond. Europeans encountered a push for change of the congregation as such figures as Martin Luther and John Calvin. Calvin’s brand of Protestantism ended up imported to America with the pioneers in New England. The strict conventions on which the U.S. was established, straightforwardly came about because of the previous changes in Europe coming about because of the Protestant Re formation and the developing strict mistreatment. There are as yet rings of this custom inside American culture, where basic standards despite everything command open legislative issues on subjects going from social strategies including homosexuality and restriction to instruction. In spite of the fact that no longer as heavy-handed as it once might have been, the American government despite everything practices command over TV and radio substance through the FCC and mainstream researchers felt the restrictions of strict impact in the prohibition on undifferentiated cell inquire about sanctioned by previous president George W. Bush.The impacts of the European Renaissance can't be downplayed in the job it played on the fate of instruction and through this the fate of the landmass and the Americas. Antiquated Greek and Roman way of thinking and political idea went to the cutting edge as works which had for quite some time been lost to Western culture were again presented. Among these thoughts was the possibility of instruction for all; whereby during the Middle Ages just the privileged and sovereignty were aware of training, these old-new beliefs alongside the recently noted development of the print machine, spread proficiency all through Europe and alongside it new thoughts. These new thoughts help discovered developments, and a development of new ways of thinking. New thoughts of vote based system and a draw away from the monarchal conventions of numerous European nations arrived at a peak with the resettlement of the principal pioneers to theâ Americas and the inevitable foundation of the United States.Art is most usually connected with the Renaissance time frame in light of current circumstances. Works of art and figures started to mirror the human structure in an increasingly common and practical state; while the subjects were to a great extent strict the developments of structure and light, differentiate all assisted with adding to the imaginative custom s of the Renaissance. These equivalent standards can be seen in contemporary artâ as well as photography, visual computerization, design and cinematography. The pictures we see every day when strolling down the road or watching advertisements on TV was molded by these fundamental principles.The new thoughts of the European Renaissance developed to turn into the beliefs which have formed American culture and thought. The developments in science, workmanship, legislative issues, religion and training have all kept on developing from their unique goals built up by Renaissance masterminds and specialists. The very statutes on which American culture was established and keeps on developing, to be specific that of majority rule government and free enterprise, started with the adjustments in Europe during the fifteenth century. That these ideas keep on being modernized with the most up to date advances is a demonstration of the imaginative idea of that society and our own.ReferencesBrotto n, J. (2006). The Renaissance: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press: Cambridge.

Article Review on Human Resource

Article Review on Human Resource Human Resource Article Review Nov 27, 2019 in Article Review Introduction This paper will analyze an article entitled Trade unions, collective bargaining, and macroeconomic performance: a review by Toke and Zafiris. The article discusses trade unions in respect to bargaining and macroeconomic performance in the market. According to this article, trade unions coordinate the microeconomic performance and results of labor market determinant through collective bargaining. The article gives a systematic empirical literature review of the subject where by what comes up in the review is from the different bargaining coverage and coordination. I agree with the authors views that the economic impact on trade union varies in different countries based on the application of organizational and institutional arrangements. Body Furthermore, bargaining coverage with high levels seems to relatively associate with poor economic performance, which can be mitigated through high bargaining coordination. I disagree with the authors argument that with or without the presents of consequences, labor market coordination is based on monetary policy to eliminate unemployment problem or else associated with the collective bargaining levels of industry. However, my view is that the collective bargaining consequences depend on various factors such as degree of coordinators to bargain, labor market share covered by the collective agreement rejected by individual contracts. The author, according to Marshall (1890), states that employers and union organizations are developed in asymmetry through contracting between employers and individual workers regarding bargaining power and access to information. Employment relations concerning different perception and labor rights are governed by individual agreements as compared to coll ective agreement. The collective agreement effects are conditional under any circumstances, which includes monetary policy regime, government, political orientation, and the governance capacity of the state provision. The authors view on the centralization is true. The article is of the opinion that national employers and nation union confederation can control wage levels, influence, and change economy patterns across the nation when collective bargaining power is centralized. This is only possible when the bargaining coordination is at the primary level, and national organization is controlling constituent organizational behaviors and avoiding wage drift. Furthermore, ideas on centralizing collective bargaining facilitate the internalization of externalization, which receives attention as far as some of the discussions were warranted. I oppose the fixing of ideas since there is no society whereby workers are under organized unions. .fod-banner { display: table; width: 100%; height: 100px; background-color: #04b5af; background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-1.png'), url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: left center, right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .fod-banner .button { min-width: 120px; } .fod-banner-content { height: 100px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: #ffffff; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 100; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 16px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 18px; color: #ffe98f; font-weight: bold; } .fod-banner-content-image { vertical-align: middle; } .fod-banner img.fod-banner-content-image { width: auto; } @media all and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1320px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } } @media all and (min-width: 845px) and (max-width: 992px) { .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 18px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } @media all and (max-width: 740px) { .fod-banner { background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } } @media all and (max-width: 670px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } .fod-banner-content { padding: 15px 10px; } .fod-banner img, .fod-banner-content-discount-text { display: block; margin: 0 auto; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 28px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } Limited time offer! Get 15% OFF your first order Order now It is true that due to externalities, negotiated wages are rather high. Centralizing bargaining process on the national levels makes the wage setters carry the burden of bargaining due to the increase in bargaining coalition. The economic improvement is a chivied by centralizing and coordinating bargaining power to create incentives in favor of wage restraints leading to higher total employment. According to Calmfors and Driffill (1988), in this article, the argument neglects the facts about competitive pressure of the labor market, the product, and systematic changes of demand due to the moderating effect on centralizing level. This is true since the competitive pressure has influence on the labor market hence it should be considered as one of the determinants. In addition, this is real since when the unions requested high nominal wage, firms avoid increasing product real wage and pass the burden to consumers through raising product prices. Unions view it as an unpleasant side effec t in conjunction with lowering the consumption real wage. This can cause the increased rate of unemployment since the reduction in consumption of the product is directly proportional to the reduction in demand of the product; thus few productions are required by the firm and low income is earned. The pressure from competitors in the same field at the firms level can provide better incentives to moderate the demand of wage. At the national level, there is relatively weak competitive pressure, which is compensated by a federation of unions taking the full cost of the action. Social partnership unions are the next ones to bear the burden of action; employers organization sufficiently encompasses to make unprofitable rent seeking. According to the views of Heitger and Olson, which are also featured in this article, there is no wage moderation on the above factors at the industry level. On the contrary, firms within the industry are able to pass substantial portion of demand wage to consumers and lower employment cost. Furthermore, industry-based unions frequently form lobby groups effectively looking for distributive favors from the government at the expense of the entire society. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that the article tells about the difference in the union density with little effect on the economic performance and with high bargaining coverage which can associate with a relatively poor economic performance. Those countries with the systematic coordination of bargaining process may arrive at a better economic result and get a more flexible labor market contrary to those countries whose systems are less coordinated and supported. It is important to consider different aspects of collective bargaining for micro economic impact. For instance, the high level of bargaining coordination reduces the side effect of high bargaining coverage on the unemployment. There is another view saying is that informal coordination of the wage bargaining process is frequently developed in labor markets with the absence of formal bargaining coordination. Bargaining coordination matters in times of social changes and rapid economic growth when the contribution differences appear less often in comparison to economic performance on stable economic conditions. Finally, the article was well elaborated, and the relationship between the bargaining coordination and centralization was well stated. This article details the authors view on economic improvement by reducing unemployment rates in the country.

Social Networking and Effects on Society - 1326 Words

Social Networking and Effects on Society Wouldn’t you say that online social networking has changed the way society interacts with friends, family and perfect strangers. When someone exposes themselves to these sites, they open the door to allow these people into their lives. Some of them you would have passed on the street and not even thought of befriending. These people you have chosen to interact with, whether they are in your city, another state, another country or just someone you met online have now become a part of your circle. This form of communication will eventually turn their social interaction into non-existence. Social networking has a negative effect on society impacting physical interaction with people. The first way†¦show more content†¦You don’t have to provide any personal information about yourself and individuals are able to lead a double life. Based upon information that was obtained from an article written by Arnold Brown, he stated, â€Å"More and more people regard the virtual world as a place where they can establish and maintain safer, less demanding relationships on their own time. Ease, flexibility, and relative anonymity will continue to be three key components of online social networking and dating (Brown, 2011, p. 30)†. Online social network sites are more convenient for those that prefer to stay home than to frequent outside establishments. For some it will allow them to remain anonymous and can carry on an online relationship with less stress of dating. The third way social networking has a negative effect on society impacting physical interaction with people is it can slowly break down someone’s self-esteem. This should be one of society’s major concerns for the future of our children and young adults. John A. Bargh and Katelyn Y.A. McKenna wrote in an Yale University article, â€Å"Several scholars have contended that internet communication is an impoverished and sterile form of social exchange compared to traditional face-to-face interactions, and will therefore, produce negative outcomes (loneliness and depression) for its users as well as weaken neighborhood and community ties (Bargh amp; McKenna, 2004).† This tells me that internet communicationShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking And Its Effect On Society1303 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology, online social networking has taken on society by storm. Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, and Instagram are just to name a few of the objects of mass consumption and insatiab le obsession. Those online social network sites have become an influential and integral aspect in our daily lives. They have a tremendous impact on society through its persistently active users, whether or not it is directly or indirectly. In fact, the stability and wellbeing of society revolve around social media due to itsRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effect On Society917 Words   |  4 PagesAdvancing technology has played a part in the new methods of communication and with being very social creatures, who experiment with new ways of socializing, have found a new way to connect. Social Networking websites have changed how the world connects with friends and family, changing from the traditional ways of connecting with others like face-to-face connections. Many concerned themselves that social networking friendships centered on expectations that sites such as Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, andRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effects On Society2163 Words   |  9 PagesSocial networking is an online community of people with a common interest who use a website or other technologies to communicate with each other and share information and resources, according to Webster. There are countless social networking sites that make it possible to establish connections between people. Some of the most popular sites are Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. These social sites make it easier for people to find and communicate with others that share the same network. AlthoughRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effect On Society1997 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern times, technological advancement has greatly improved the social benefits within society. A vastly growing percentage of young people across America are growing more proficient in using the internet for communication across their country to international regions. In the year 2009, a national survey was conducted for individuals between the ages of eight to eighteen years, where the average time adolescents s pent on any form of social media was more than 7.5 hours of a day. Once the average timeRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effects On Society3236 Words   |  13 Pages When we hear the word â€Å"social networking† what comes to mind is: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Myspace, OoVoo and so on. While accessing these trendy resources, we can interact with others by messaging, video chatting, live streaming, instant chatting and overall fast pace communication. Society as we know it has evolved tremendously in regards to the way we communicate and interact with one another. There is a significant difference between the way we used to get in touch with our families andRead MoreSocial Networking And Its Effects On Society988 Words   |  4 Pagesaccounts on multiple social networking sites and they spend a lot of time on updating the developments in their daily life and uploading various media like pictures and videos. People really enjoy doing this kind of activity, to be able to communicate with their friends, family members, and also meet new people. For certain people who use social networking as a marketing forum, this is an effective method. However social networking comes with its own share of negative effects on people. It is indeedRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Intro Over half of the world uses the internet. 2.2 billion people actively use any kind of social networking. There were 176 million new users of social media just last year (Regan 1). With the influence of so many people a pressing question: Is the impact of social media harmful or beneficial in its effects? Social networking is one of the biggest reports of online traffic. So, if so many people are using these networking sites, what are the effects on us? The â€Å"first†Read MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1545 Words   |  7 PagesSheena Gonzales Instructor Mushett Eng-123 10 June, 2015 The Effects of Social Networking Social networking websites (further referred to as SNS) are web based platforms in which people connect to other individuals that they already have a real-life connection to, locate individuals they have shared interests with, and they allow users to share information with others such as photographs, life events and thoughts. Being able to keep current with one s personal group quickly and easily is one ofRead MoreThe Effects of Social Networking upon Society1100 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction: Social networking is a network of sites is very effective in facilitating social life among a group of acquaintances and friends , and enable old friends to connect to each other and after a long year , and enable them to also communicate the visual and audio and share images and other possibilities that solidified social relationship between them. Featured social networking such as : ( Facebook – WatsApp - Twitter – Skype - MySpace - LIVE Boone - Hi- Five - Orkut - Tagd - YouTubeRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Networking On Society1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Effects of Social Networking Social networking websites (further referred to as SNS) are web based platforms in which people connect to other individuals that they already have a real-life connection to, locate individuals they have shared interests with, and they allow users to share information with others such as photographs, life events and thoughts. Being able to keep current with one s personal group quickly and easily is one of the reasons SNS have become so mainstream (McKensie 436)

Essay about Walt Whitman Changes the Face of Literature

Walt Whitman Changes the Face of Literature When Walt Whitman published the first edition of Leaves of Grass it was received with a wide variety of reactions. From critics to fellow poets the reactions to his first volume were often admiring, but also dubious. This pattern continued with each of the six editions of Leaves. Many wondered where this 36 year-old poet of the people came from. The very way he presented his first volume of poetry was controversial. Whitman presented himself in this self-published volume as, Walt Whitman, an American, one of the roughs, a Kosmos, a Disorderly, fleshy and sensual.eating drinking and breeding. (2725) This style of self declaration was unheard of at that time. It was as†¦show more content†¦Charles Dana wrote in his review or the New York Daily Tribune: Indeed; his independence often becomes coarse and defiant. His language is too frequently reckless and indecent though this appears to arise from a naive unconsiousness rather than from a naive impure mind. His words might have passed between Adam and Eve in Paradise, before the want of fig-leaves brought no shame: but they are quite out of place amid the decorum of modern society, and will justly prevent his volume from free circulation in scrupulous circles. (3) It is obvious today from Whitmanà ­s place in American literature that the scrupulous circles did pay some attention to his poetry and identifying with at least portions of it. Dana did contend that, no impartial reader can fail to be impressed with the vigor and quaint beauty of isolated portions (3). By the time Whitman published the 1867 edition of Leaves his place in American Literature was much less tenuous. The stories of the unorthodox poet took on a near mythical ring; Robert Buchanan wrote in Broadway Magazine: Sprung from the masses, as he tells us, Walt Whitman has for many years lived a vagabond life, labouring, as the humour seized him, and invariably winning his bread by actual andShow MoreRelatedWalt Whitman and the Civil War Essay955 Words   |  4 Pages Walt Whitman is a famous poet in American history and the founder of free style of writing poem. He was well-known with his work of Leaves of Grass and Drum-Taps. Walt Whitman was inspired to write poems about Civil War and changed his style of writing after experiencing the horrible result of the war. Walt Whitman was born in West Hills, Long Island, on May 31, 1819. He is the second son of eight siblings in the family. In his early life, Whitman received a formal education until age of 11 becauseRead MoreOut from Behind This Mask Review1645 Words   |  7 PagesOut From Behind This Mask By: Walt Whitman †¢ Synopsis In Whitman’s poem Out From Behind This Mask, the poem starts out by talking about the passion and excitement that to many, lies just out of reach. Whitman is trying to illustrate how this ecstasy is much closer than once thought, by comparing the barrier as a curtain or a mask. The wonders that lie beyond this mask range from â€Å"passionate teeming plays† to â€Å"the glaze of God’s serenest, purest sky.† To Whitman, the possibilities are endlessRead MoreThe Teaching Style Of Walt Whitman1676 Words   |  7 PagesBeliefs and teaching styles have been developed throughout the years, every year that it has been passed down it has continually changed from person to person, some changes are subtle while others are very drastic changes to something that was once so simple. Surely Christ was a teacher of sorts, but Socrates is a very good start to all of this, a great Greek philosopher with many great ideas that were later passed to Plato, who wrote what w e now call Apology, a result of the trial that SocratesRead MoreWalt Whitman s Song Of Myself1191 Words   |  5 Pages Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Song of Myself† Walt Whitman was an American poet born in May 31, 1819 in New York, and he died in March 26, 1892 in New Jersey. He grew up going to school in separate facilities from people of color, so he was growing up along with the nation. He was self-taught by exploring things for himself, for example, going to the museums when he could. Whitman as a young boy alternated from being in the city to being in the countryside with his grandparents. He was exposed to be beingRead MoreWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, And Tupac Shakur1088 Words   |  5 PagesWalt Whitman, Langston Hughes, and Tupac Shakur have a major role in English Literature, Even though they live during the different time periods from different backgrounds, and they all have written many poems about the American dream. When it comes to the American dream, people have different points of view on the topic. Many people believe that American dream is about all American citizens having equal rights and opportunities to achieve the s uccess through hard work. On the other hand, many peopleRead MoreWalts Whitmans Vision of America in Leaves of Grass17685 Words   |  71 PagesWalt Whitman’s vision of America in Leaves of Grass Valentine†©Abbet†© TRAVAIL†©DE†©MATURITE†© †© Sous†©la†©direction†©d’Anne†©Roland†Wurzburger†© Gymnase†©du†©Bugnon,†©Lausanne†© 2012†©  «I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, and the songs of life and death, And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births. I have offerd my style to every one, I have journeyd with confident step; While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long! » Walt Whitman, So Long !, Deathbed editionRead MoreThe American Dream1308 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves. A prime example of this would be the poem I Hear America Singing by Walt Whitman. Whitman describes the sound of America as one of hard work produced by workers. He writes, â€Å"the carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam † (Whitman 3). It illustrates the hard work that Americans put into their careers, and their willingness to support the nations economy. No African Americans appear in the poem, and Whitman describes women working in the house. Once again, the exclusivity of theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Poetry Of Shakespeare, Whitman, And Rich925 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss the different poetic techniques, themes, and the uses of language in the poetry of Shakespeare, Blake, Whitman, Dickerson, Frost, and Rich. In one way or another, each of these poets has written poems that contain elements of protest against the society of his/her time. In your essay, integrate the idea of protest with their uses of language and poetic technique. Shakespeare, Blake, Whitman, Dickinson, Frost, and Rich are all wonderful poets of their time. They all had a unique style of writingRead MoreAnalysis Of Walt Whitman s Dracula And Bram Stoker s `` Dracula ``1886 Words   |  8 PagesFor the past century, Walt Whitman has inspired people with his literary work by addressing his views and expectations to the future generation. Not only was his circular connection relating the reader to his poems, but the realistic truths and observations in these poems revealed deep confessions, which affected the reader’s personal feelings and opinions. Expanding further than American readers and writers, Whitman had established an impact worldwide. Writers such as Oscar Wilde and Bram StokerRead More Comparing and Contrasting Self-Awareness in the Works of Emerson, Whitman and Poe2170 Words   |  9 PagesDefining Self-Awareness in the works of Emerson, Whitman and Poe Literature in the American Renaissance influenced the Romantic sentiment that prevailed during this period: the emergence of the individual. This materialization evolved out of the Age of Reason, when the question of using reason (a conscious state) or faith (an unconscious state) as a basis for establishing a set of beliefs divided people into secular and non-secular groups. Reacting to the generally submissive attitudes predominant

Discrimination in Labor Free Essays

In the case of Sarah Crone vs. United Parcel Service, Inc. , decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, the court decided against the complainant, and held that there was lack of evidence to show that the employer was discriminatory in not considering her for the promotion. We will write a custom essay sample on Discrimination in Labor or any similar topic only for you Order Now In said case Crone, a dispatcher of the employer corporation wanted to be promoted to the dispatcher supervisor position, when the said position became available. However, she was not promoted because the Department Manager and the Division Manager feared she might not be able to deal with confrontations, which are necessarily attached to the supervisory position. For Crone, this ground was discriminatory on account of sex. According to the court, Crone was unable to show that the company’s reason was a mere pretext to cover up its discriminatory purpose. (Crone v. UPS, Inc. , 2002). The issue of discrimination can indeed be raised in this case, considering that it initially appears that Crone was not considered for promotion merely because of some trait that the managers ascribed to her on account of her being a woman. It should be noted that discrimination exists where distinctions are made, â€Å"in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit. (Dictionary. com). Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws prohibit all sorts of discriminatory practices of employers, which include making â€Å"employment decisions based on stereotypes or assumptions about the abilities, traits, or performance of individuals of a certain sex, race, age, religion, or ethnic group, or individuals with disabilities. † (Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws). These EEO laws, which have been passed in most states, enjoin companies to provide equal employment opportunity to all their employees, without regard to irrelevant characteristics such as age, religion and sex. EEO laws, having been based on the fundamental principle of fairness, urges companies to allow equal opportunity for employees to succeed. (Fair Measures). Following these laws, therefore, the company’s decision to choose another person over Crone falls within the category of employment decisions that should not be tainted with discriminatory considerations. However, it cannot be said that the court’s decision in this case in dismissing the complaint could lead to unlawful excuses for discrimination in other settings, because the ruling was not a statement of a policy favoring the creation of biases against women. The ruling was based on facts. The company was able to substantiate its defense that it was justified in finding Crone unqualified for the position because of her lack of necessary skills to deal with confrontations, which evaluation was supported by an occasion where Crone came close to tears while a driver became confrontational with her. Thus, the court upheld the ruling in Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc. , 169 F. 3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir. ) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U. S. 818 (1999), which said, â€Å"In the absence of any evidence of discriminatory intent, however, it is not the prerogative of the courts or jury to sit in judgment of employers’ management decisions. † (Crone v. UPS, Inc. , 2002). Thus, it would be premature to conclude that this decision veers away from the policy against discrimination, as it is clear that the company’s decision was based on cold facts. This writer believes that the above case does not require elaborate changes in the present EEO structure, as there is no danger of discrimination, provided that the law’s nuances and policy are carefully followed. The law provides for instances that could be considered discrimination. In the absence of sufficient proof of such discrimination, the law is correct in providing equal protection to employers who have the right to manage their business in accordance with their preferences. How to cite Discrimination in Labor, Papers

Why Violent Video Games Should not Be Banned

Table of Contents Introduction The argument in support of violent video games Argument against violent video games Conclusion References Introduction The essay is an argumentative one; violent games should not be banned. Recently there has been an endless and fierce debate on whether or not to banned violent video games. For instance, the countries that constitute the European Union are planning to ban some of the European games. However, it is the view of the majority of video games just like any other games are there to educate and entertain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Violent Video Games Should not Be Banned – Argumentative Essay on Debate Topic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although there are strong reasons brought forth by those who want violent video games to be banned here are reasons why we should not; increases self-esteem, reduction of pain, encourages teamwork, sharpening players ’ wit among others (Sterngold, 2006). With regards to those in support of banning the game they hold the view that the games continuously poison the minds of the viewers especially the young individuals. The argument in support of violent video games It is worth noting that there are indeed strong points that need to be given a second thought before we rush in banning violent video games. It has been argued and even proved that when kids play such games especially when the multiplayer type of game is available, then the children get to learn at a very early age to work as teammate which require teamwork. Arguably, this is advantageous as it helps in keeping children together in times of needs (Lebrilla, 2010). For this matter when they grow up, such individuals will be in a better position to be good team players. This concept has been currently deemed very vital in ensuring the success of an organization. Through the game, it is indeed tough to beat the opponent. However, th rough concentration, acquisition of skills and knowledge on how to win which has been learned from each other, children are capable of the emerging winner. With this, they grow knowing that to win, there is a need to have a team behind. As suggested by Bissell, 2008 violent video games have been thought to help especially those with very high tempers to release their anger by not hurting anybody. When very angry and one feels like inflicting pain on another human being, or even kill others, it has been thought appropriate to transfer such anger to violent video games. When one engages in a shoot out with an enemy in a video game, he/she might feel that the mission is accomplished.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Aside from assisting young individuals to sharpen their wits and problem-solving skills, violent video game plays a significant role in helping young individuals even a few ol der members of the society to learn how to persevere. On the same line of thought, these games have made it possible for people to have a well-coordinated hand and eye movement (Craig et al. 2007). This has helped in making sure that reflex action/response is normal. The advantage of this is that it will play a significant role in keeping progressive illnesses at bay. Another major point that is in support of violent video games is that it helps in sustaining the country’s economy. It is apparent that the industry of violent video games has played a significant role in the economic growth of the country. The export of the same product to other nation generates foreign income for the country. Additionally, a good number of Americans derive their daily bread from the same industry (Konijn et al., 2007). For this reason, banning of violent video games will mean that the unemployment rate will go up and the money generated from the industry will be lost. The industry generates cl ose to 21 billion dollars annually (Jones Ponton, 2003). Additionally, doctors have proved that despite violent games being useful; releasing anger, it is also helpful in helping a patient reduce pain. The current efforts hospitals show this is making to install such games. More importantly, the games help in entertaining the plays as well as the viewers. Just like when people feel entertained in watching a football match violent game provide the same to the affected party. Considering the fact that slightly over 70.0% of American teens play these games, if it is banned then they will indulge in even more risky activities in their quest to be entertained for instance drug abuse (Goldstein, 1998). Argument against violent video games It would not be rational if the argument that supports the banning of violent games are not brought to light. It has been brought in the violent limelight game pollutes the minds of American children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Violent Video Games Should not Be Banned – Argumentative Essay on Debate Topic specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When a young individual engages too much in these games, they are addicted. The result is that they will grow up and may put into practice what they saw. A recent incidence where a student walked in an institution of learning and started shooting at others killing them on the spot has been linked to violent video games (Anderson Dill, 2000). Similarly, just like any other thing that can bring addiction, violent video game when making a young individual addicted can be detrimental in their quest to learning. This is because most of the time, whenever they are free will, spend time playing such games (Ferguson, 2008). Although it has been argued that the game fosters socialization skills, it is evident that when one plays in non-multiplayer support, they grow up being persons with poor skills to socialize. Concl usion From the review of the issue of violent games, even though the game is intense, banning it will bring more harm than good. For those who advocate for the banning, it would be rational to critically analyze the benefits of the game to individuals and even the society at large. For instance, it enhances teamwork, helps reduce pain, aid in releasing anger, and improves wit and hand-eye coordination among others. However, the disadvantages include polluting or poisoning young individuals, and addiction eats their time hence cannot engage actively in other vital activities. This thus warrants careful consideration from relevant stakeholders such as parents and the government. References Anderson, C. Dill, K. (2000). â€Å"Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings and Behavior in the Laboratory and In Life.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4):722. Ferguson, C. (2008). â€Å"Blazing Angels or Resident Evil? Can Violent Video Games Be a Force for Good?â⠂¬ , Review of General Psychology, 14(1): 68-81Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Konijn, E. et al. (2007). â€Å"I Wish I Were a Warrior: The Role of Wishful Identification in the Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression in Adolescent Boys.† Developmental Psychology, 43(1): 1-12 Craig, A. et al. (2007). Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Public Policy. Oxford University: Oxford University Press. Bissell, T. (2008). Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter. New York: Macmillan Publishers. Sterngold, A. (2006). â€Å"Violent video games† Web. Jones, G. Ponton, L. (2003). Killing Monsters: Why Children Need Fantasy, Super Heroes, and Make-Believe Violence. New York: Basic Books. P. 172. Goldstein, J. (1998). Why We Watch; The Attraction of Violent Entertainment. Oxford University Oxford University Press. P. 188 This essay on Why Violent Video Games Should not Be Banned was written and submitted by user Jaime Stein to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

the importance of Organizational Culture in management The WritePass Journal

the importance of Organizational Culture in management Introduction the importance of Organizational Culture in management IntroductionImplications for Multicultural OrganizationsConclusionRelated Introduction Organizational culture, the most influential of the past several decades has been the largest and concepts of management buzzwords. Hofstede (1997) report that the term as a synonym for organizational culture, organizational climate appeared during the 1960s. Corporate culture after the publication of several popular press in the 1980s, general management buzzword (Deal and Kennedy, 1982 Davis, 1984) has become. Interrelated academic and popular management literature the culture and its impact is reflected in the subjects, there is widespread belief that the organizational culture, organizational effectiveness near (Denison and Mishra, 1995; Kilmann Saxton, and Serpa, 1985; Weiss, 1996) is related. The culture of organizational problems often cause a comfortably vague and is all inclusive. Some examples of the proposed impact of organizational culture remains strong interest in why the concept can underscore. Culture, a source of competitive advantage (Ott, 1989; Peters and Waterman, 1982, Wilkins and amp; Barney, 1986 Ouchi, 1983) as has been explored, although others have limited empirical evidence (Denison and Mishra, 1995 strongly support, Fey and Denison, 2003). Attention post-merger/acquisition integration (Olie, 1990 and 1994; Vaara, 1999; Veiga, Lubatkin, Calori and 2000 very,; Nahavandi and Malekzadeh, 1988 very Calori and Lubatkin, 1993) has been in the organizational culture . Also, organizational culture, success or failure of large-scale efforts to change (Beer and Nohria, 2000 has emerged as a major factor, Brill and Worth, 1997; Burke, 1994; Jick and Peiperl, 2003; Pascale Millemann and Gioja, 1997). In a review of recent diversity literature Jackson, Joshi and Erhardt (2003) report results of studies exploring effects of organizational culture on diversity dynamics. Ely and Thomas (2001 ) contend that diversity is more likely to lead to positive outcomes if organizational culture stresses integration and learning. Cox and Tung (1997) argue that the degree of structure and informal integration in an organization will influence outcomes of diversity. Polzer, Milton and Swann (2002) suggest organizational cultures may influence the process of identity negotiation and that teams are more likely to benefit from diversity when team members identities are verified by reflected appraisals of other team members. Definitions of organizational culture reflects the dichotomy in the conceptualization, although some researchers have developed integration frameworks (eg Martin, 1992; Ott, 1989). On the one hand, culture is seen in practices and behaviors how things are done here (Drennan, 1992, p. 1). Other conceptualize culture in practices that support. In 1992 Hunt say about culture as the value, beliefs ​​and attitudes which shows how the company perceive and Interpretation of events. The same applies to Davis (1984), involves the culture of beliefs and values ​​that give meaning and organization provide members with rules of behavior. Schein (1985) argues that organizational culture should be reserved for the deeper level of basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken for acquired fashion an organization seen by himself and his environment (p. 6). Others, such as Hampden-Turner (1990) see culture as a concept fill levels and function at the subconscious level visible and concrete. Hofstede (1997) defines organizational culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of an organization from another (p. 180), but he also argues that the common perception of daily practices must be considered the core of an organization of culture (p. 182-83).Multicultural Organizations: Opportunities and Challenges Much has been written about problems and benefits of diversity in cross-cultural management and diversity literature (e.g. Adler, 2002; Cox Blake, 1991;Elron, 1997; Ely Thomas, 2001; Gentile, 1996; Robinson Deschant, 1997; Watson, Johnson Merritt, 1998). During the past decade, however, there has been an interesting shift in the rhetoric of diversity. Thomas and Ely (1996) cite the increasing emphasis on diversity as a spur for greater organizational effectiveness. Robinson and Deschant (1997) argue that diversity makes good business sense. Popular diversity discourse aside, however, diversity does not automatically lead to greater organizational effectiveness. Although there is general acknowledgement that cultural diversity offers numerous potential benefits to an organization, those benefits may not be realized unless they are purposefully pursued. Moreover, the challenges presented by diversity may negatively impact organizational performance unless properly managed. What are the benefits and challenges of a multicultural organization? When employees representing nine nationalities, who work in eight multicultural organizations in Luxembourg answered those questions they discussed advantages and disadvantages for both organizations and individuals (Trefry, 2001). Without exception those interviewed saw multicultural diversity as an important asset for organizations. They reported organizational advantages such as: a) the possibility of matching employees with diverse customers/clients; b) ability to apply knowledge of different cultures to business projects; c) better decision-making and problem-solving after considering diverse perspectives; and d) more creativity and innovation in products, services and organizational processes. In addition, however, to echoing benefits described in the diversity literature, Luxembourg respondents emphasized personal benefits such as: a) greater personal ability to cope with the unexpected; b) broadening of the ir perspectives on any given issue; c) greater tolerance and acceptance of others differences; d) greater flexibility in their own personal behavior, communication and interaction styles; and e) enhanced self-insight. Interestingly enough, it is understanding the logic of personal benefits cited and applying it at an organizational level that offers insight on how organizations can achieve maximum value from a culturally diverse workforce. Implications for Multicultural Organizations Although multicultural organizations are increasingly the norm, most are just beginning to strategically deal with their cultural diversity. Thus we come back to the primary premise of our exploration: organizational culture has the potential for even greater impact in multicultural organizations because it can intensify both the benefits and the challenges of cultural diversity, and thus indirectly, affect potential competitive advantage. Yet how is it that multicultural organizations manage the challenges and achieve the maximum benefit from their cultural diversity? The answer lies in the nature of the organizational culture as well as a strategic approach to harnessing diversity for benefit of the organization. It is the strategic utilization of cultural differences that creates real competitive advantage for the organization (Schneider Barsoux, 2003). A metaphor of organizational culture as a double-edged sword that cuts in numerous directions seems appropriate. Organizational culture can exacerbate the challenges of diversity. It can also intensify potential benefits. At the practices level organizational culture can facilitate integration; at the level of business assumptions and shared frames of reference guiding how the work of the organization is accomplished there is potential danger that a strong culture can downplay or even negate the advantages of cultural diversity. Too much uniformity in mental models about ways work is approached may encourage employees to accept existing paradigms for the organizations work without ever questioning them. How can organizations create a culture that values differences and purposefully facilitates cultural synergy, as it has been labeled by Adler (2002)? The question leads us to a paradox which needs to be explored at both practices and underlying values, beliefs and assumptions levels of culture. At the practices level organizational norms are operationalized by processes, procedures and policies. Yet acceptance of the value of multiple perspectives and approaches means there is both individual and organizational flexibility to sometimes act outside of delineated policies, processes and procedures and that diverse approaches can co-exist and influence each other. Pascale (1990) describes this paradox as a vector of contention between mandatory and discretionary systems and charges managers with responsibility for orchestrating the tension and harnessing contending opposites (p. 34). Managing this tension between opposites, however, is a significant challenge. The traditional western managerial mindset has stressed consistency of policies and procedures in order to reduce ambiguity and promote internal integration (Senge, 1990). Indeed the common assumption has been that effective organizations have strong, highly consistent and well integrated cultures (Saffold, 1988). Yet there has also been increasing recognition of an organizational irony: well-integrated organizations are often the least responsive to changing conditions (Kanter, Stein Jick, 1992). Success in todays continually changing environments requires that people in organizations think in different ways, learn, and adapt to evolving circumstances. It is such requirements that underscore the need to purposefully explore organizational culture at the underlying beliefs, values and assumptions level. Thinking in different ways, learning and appropriate adaptation can only happen if there is continual questioning of organizational frames of reference those constellations of beliefs, values and assumptions that determine how the organization approaches its business. Here the insight regarding personal benefits of working in a multicultural environment seems applicable. Multicultural team members in Trefrys study (2001) attributed their broadened perspectives, increased personal tolerance, flexibility and adaptability to their exposure to different ways of thinking and their consequent reexamination of their own perspectives. Thus as Gentile (1996) so eloquently asserts, it is precisely through our interactions and confrontations with difference-of perspective, of prior experience, of style, of identity- that we come to recognize the limits of our own perspectives, experiences, and styles (p. 1). The same logic can apply at both individual and organizational levels. Exposure to different values, beliefs, assumptions and perspectives can lead to broadening our frames of reference, whether at a personal level or an organizational level. Indeed Trefry Vaillant (2002) suggest that individuals and organizations actually learn from expanding the frames of reference through which they view and interpret what they see and experience thus increasing their awareness of alternative ways to act. Developing a greater range of options can promote organizational flexibility, enabling adaptation to the needs of specific contexts. Insight facilitated by expanded frames of reference can be used to generate new approaches to business issues and practices. Conclusion Thus challenging existing organizational assumptions and broadening frames of reference offers a rich potential for increased effectiveness and competitive advantage. The organizational learning must go beyond exploration of differences, however. The goal is to integrate different approaches and frames of reference into new, more sophisticated approaches and organizational frames of reference. Adler (2002) argues that culturally synergistic organizations reflect the best aspects of all members cultures in their strategy, structure, and process without violating the norms of any single culture (p. 108). They utilize the naturally divergent thinking of people with different cultural backgrounds to solve problems, make decisions, and develop new approaches to products, services, and organizational processes

Americans Spend Over 100 Hours a Year Commuting

Americans Spend Over 100 Hours a Year Commuting At a nationwide average one-way drive-time of about 25.5 minutes, Americans spend more than 100 hours a year commuting to work, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Yes, thats more than the average two weeks of vacation time (80 hours) taken by many workers during a year. This number has increased by over a minute in 10 years. â€Å"This annual information on commuters and their work trips and other transportation-related data will help local, regional and state agencies maintain, improve, plan and develop the nation’s transportation systems,† said Census Bureau Director Louis Kincannon in a press release. â€Å"American Community Survey data will provide valuable assistance to agencies offering housing, education and other public services as well.† Data has been released through 2013. Compare this with the federal governments estimate of computing the hourly rate based on working 2,080 hours per year. Spending 100 hours commuting adds a significant amount of unpaid time to the work day of the American worker. Map of Commute Times You can find the average commute time for most communities in the U.S. with a map based on the U.S. Census Bureau data provided by WNYC. The color-coded map shades commute times from white for zero minutes to deep purple for more than an hour. If you are deciding on where to move, the map can give you interesting information on your commute times. The data released for 2013 showed that only 4.3 percent of workers had no commute because they worked from home. Meanwhile, 8.1 percent had commutes of 60 minutes or more. A quarter of commuters cross county lines going to and from work. Maryland and New York have the highest average commute times while North Dakota and South Dakota have the lowest. Megacommutes Almost 600,000 American workers have megacommutes of at least 90 minutes and 50 miles. They are more likely to carpool than those with shorter commutes, but that number is still only 39.9 percent. Carpooling in general has declined since the year 2000. However, not all of them are driving as 11.8 percent take rail and 11.2 percent take other forms of public transportation. Long commutes are highest for those in the state of New York at 16.2 percent, Maryland (14.8 percent), and New Jersey (14.6 percent). Three-quarters of megacommuters are male and they are more likely to be older, married, make a higher income, and have a spouse who doesnt work. They often depart for work before 6 a.m. Alternate Commutes Those who take public transit, walk, or bike to work still make up a small part of the total. That overall number hasnt changed much since 2000, although the segments of it have. There has been a slight increase in those who take public transit, with 5.2 percent in 2013 compared with 4.7 percent in 2000. There was a dip in those who walk to work by one-tenth of a percent and growth in those who bike by two-tenths of a percent. But those numbers are still small at 2.8 percent walking to work and 0.6 percent biking to work. Sources: Megacommuters. U.S. Census Bureau Release Number: CB13-41. U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2013.

Entrepreneurship vs. Small Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Entrepreneurship vs. Small Business - Essay Example Researchers, Hofer and Bygrave (2003-4, Pg 6-7) suggests that entrepreneurs are the gap-fillers who given the supply and demand nature of market forces through their skills, perceive and take steps to correct market deficiencies. To encourage entrepreneurs to transform the market, they not only provide new goods and services, they also create more and newer jobs. The jobs increased not only in number but also in diversity - supermarkets have created the job of trolley collector; technology support desks are a by-product of computer technology; medical innovations have resulted in increased layers of new job classifications and descriptions. One hundred years ago, there was no perceived need for these services, nor was there any basis for exploring such a need. Kirby (2003, Pg 786) investigated in his book that by the beginning of 1980s, entrepreneurship was at finest, a likely hopeful ground of academic inquisition. Though, by the finale of that decade, owing chiefly to remarkable progress in its corpse of experimental information, entrepreneurship might assert to be a rightful ground of educational inquisition in every compliment apart from one: it requires a considerable hypothetical basis. A main confront in front of entrepreneurship examiners in the 1990s is to build up theories and models build on firm basics from the social sciences (Welsch, 2003, Pg 4-5). Wickham (2004) observe that subsequent to all, models and theories expect the result of operations. And it is not possible to operationalize an idea that cannot be defined, as an Entrepreneur a person who perceives a chance and makes an association to pursue it. Entrepreneurship vs. Small Business A lot of people make use of the terms "entrepreneur" and "small business possessor" simultaneously. At the same time as they might have a great deal in general, there are noteworthy dissimilarities between the entrepreneurial project and the small business. Jones-Evans Dylan and Carter Sara (2000, Pg 374-375) recommend that Entrepreneurial ventures vary from small businesses in following ways: 1. Quantity of wealth creation - rather than simply generating an income stream that replaces traditional employment, a successful entrepreneurial venture creates substantial wealth, characteristically in surplus of quite a few million dollars of turnover. 2. Pace of wealth construction - while a flourishing small business can produce numerous million dollars of revenue over a life span, entrepreneurial prosperity formation repeatedly is quick; for instance, within 5 years. 3. Risk - the danger of an entrepreneurial venture must be elevated; or else, with the inducement of certain profits several entrepreneurs would be following the thought and the opening no longer would survive. 4. Innovation - entrepreneurship repeatedly occupies considerable innovation further than what a small business may display. This innovation offers the venture the spirited benefit that fallout in capital creation. The innovation might be in the creation or service itself, or in the business procedures used to convey it. The Entrepreneurial Process Allow us start with the entrepreneurial procedure because this is at the core of the topic. Some of the vital characteristics of the entrepreneurial procedure are as follows Commenced by an act of human will. Takes place at the

Should Abortion be Legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Should Abortion be Legal - Essay Example Abortion is a very sensitive issue and proponents of abortion believe that it is the right of the woman to opt for this decision. This stand has been opposed by people who believe that the fetus bears the potential to turn into a complete human being and abortion is equivalent to the ending of an individual’s life. Abortion is a controversial issue and it should only be legally allowed in the circumstances where the life of the mother may be in danger owing to the pregnancy and this practice should not be permitted legally in other circumstances. Abortion has been opposed on ethical, religious as well as medical grounds. An individual should use his liberty and thinking to opt for what he considers correct or incorrect. But this freedom should not be used in a wrong way so that it leads to negative effects. Pope John Paul II explained this issue and presented that all human beings should maintain a correct balance between their rights of liberty and the important decisions of their life. Abortion is an example where this balance is lost. The negativities of abortion should be considered before opting for this strong step. Pro-life supporters and ethical groups argue that abortion should be a practice that should only be restricted for cases where the pregnancy can prove to be a risk for the life of the mother or in other untoward incidents like in victims of sexual assault. But these reasons are the least common reasons which account for abortion cases in the United States. It is seen that only one percent of abortions are carried out under these circumstances and 99 percent of the abortions are done as a method of birth control or for other reasons given by women. A better way should be opted by the government to tackle these issues rather than providing for options like abortion. Better techniques include proper and managed awareness programs for the pregnant woman as well as her family. Furthermore, appropriate health management and support should be provided (Quito 2007). Abortion is also highlighted to be wrong by the religious groups. The religious groups claim that reproduction is a natural process of life and it is an ability provided by God to human beings. To disregard and alter this process is incorrect and not justified even on moral grounds. The role of parents is to care and nurture for their children and this role should not be changed into a brutal step of killing one’s own child for reasons like free will. The drawbacks of abortion have also been put forward by many medical groups on the basis of different studies and researches. A research that was published in the year 1994 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute provided insight into the fact that a complete pregnancy improved the health status of a woman and proved to be a shield against the occurrence of breast cancer. The chances of breast cancer are 50 percent greater in females who opt for abortion. This risk following is even higher in femal es who already have a genetic susceptibility of the development of breast cancer owing to the occurrence of the condition in family members. According to Dr. James Moran who was the Director at the Cancer Institute, the initial increase in the levels of estrogen in the female body during pregnancy can alter the normal breast cells. In the initial phase,

Benefits of childcare robots

Benefits of childcare robots In todays ever-changing world, the rampant use of various technology and robots have become an indispensable part of our daily lives. Since the Industrial Revolution, robots have been used in manufacturing and automotive industries. With the rapid advancement in technology, the use of robots is increasing at an exponential rate. From the graph above, it is evident that the world robot population has increased by almost 2 folds from 4.49million in 2006 to 8.37million in 2010. Domestic service, educational and leisure robots have contributed to the large increase in the use of robots in the 21st century. International Federation of Robotics (IFR) has forecasted a USD$17 billion in sales for the robot market worldwide by 2013. (http://www.ifr.org/) Hence, with the multi-faceted use of robots currently existing in our daily lives, one can expect robots specialising in childcare to be a part of reality in the near future. Children have always been fascinated by robots. This is reflected in the increasing number of students taking part in robotics competitions. Moreover, when a bomb disposal robot was deployed in a village of Iraq, it caught the attention of the village children who surrounded it with great interest. Studies have also shown that the interaction between robots and children have yielded positive effects. As a result, robots have also been used as tools for educational purposes. Advantages With the current population trend moving from single-income to dual-income families, there is an increasing need for parents to provide the necessary childcare services for their children while they are both busy at work. This trend coupled with the evolving use of robots has sparked the research on childcare robots as a means to resolving the issue of juggling with raising a child concurrently with providing for the family. The potential of childcare robots is immense and has thus generated a lot of hype. Not only can it have a huge impact on society but it also has the potential to bring about radical changes in our everyday lives. The concept of childcare robots has existed for decades. Proto-types of childcare robots are already available in the world today due to technological advancements which have minimised the cost of building and assembling a robot. Currently, there are 14 companies in Japan and Korea that have developed childcare robots. The PaPeRo is an example of a childcare robot which has been developed by NEC, a leading Japanese electronics company who is a pioneer in the development of childcare robots. It has been designed to live and interact with people through its autonomous and communication functions. One of its primary functions is to protect a child and prevent him from harms way. This can be done through mobile monitoring whereby the robot has cameras installed in its eyes which allow working parents to monitor their childs movement at home through their laptops while they are at work. The parent will have full control of the robot and can navigate it around the house to ensure that his or her child is under constant supervision even if he or she is not physically there. The PaPeRo can also be programmed to look out for potential hazardous situations and consequently prevent the child at home from becoming a victim of it. Its autonomous function and obstacle avoidance capability thereby allow working parents to focus on their work due to its nature of independent mobility. Disadvantages Although childcare robots may solve the woes of modern working parents, one cannot help but ask how credible is the robot in ensuring the safety of the child at home? Who should be responsible in the case whereby the child still gets hurt under the care of the robot? Childcare robots may have dire consequences on the child if they are not employed with caution. Previously, parents had to juggle between their family and work. As the concept of childcare robot surfaced, it liberated parents as the primary caregivers from choosing between their work commitments and looking after their child. This would result in less time spent together and the mutual bonding between parent and child will be lost in the process. The primary upbringing of a child thence no longer rests upon the shoulders of the parents but in the hands of a childcare robot instead. From a societal perspective, a parents primary responsibility is to provide for their offspring and protect them from harms way. Parents should also impart the necessary knowledge and skills to survive in their later years during the developmental stages of their children in their adolescence. Parents may thus be shirking their primary responsibilities by passing on their role as caregivers to childcare robots. Instead of breastfeeding, which is natural and healthy for a child and also aids in psychological bonding, a robot is created to breastfeed with powdered milk. This is physically not healthy for a baby and would be a worrying trend to society. The role of caregivers is no longer clearly defined between humans and robots. One can only wonder what kind of psychological impact this may potentially have on a child when he is brought up by an autonomous robot made of steel instead of his own warm-blooded biological parents. As robots become increasingly popular and available, should we devise international ethics guidelines for their use? -Manfred Werner The issue of formalised guidelines also arises with the extensive use of childcare robots in the future. To protect a child from negligence and abuse, there will be a need for governmental and international bodies to regulate and lay down ethical guidelines ensuring the fair and just use of childcare robots. By regulating its use, it could reiterate the fact that parents are still the primary caregivers of their child and childcare robots should only be a tool to assist them and not replace them. One should not hold the robots totally liable to the care of ones child. Children playing with robots Studies have shown that leaving a child with minimal human contact would retard the mental and intellectual development of the child. (http://www.education.umd.edu/EDHD/faculty/Fox/publications/94.pdf) Although the child may develop an emotional attachment to the robot, his cognitive development may be impaired as he may be spending most of his childhood with a childcare robot. Furthermore, the bonding between a child and robot may mislead the child into thinking that such a relationship is real and identical to that with human beings. The impairing of his cognitive abilities coupled with the inability to distinguish between human and robotic relationships may thus lead the child to face problems interacting with other children. Consequently, the child may alienate himself from the rest of society in response to the ostracising he potentially faces from his peers. Ultimately, robots are machines that face the usual technical problems of malfunctioning and may become obsolete over time. The child may outgrow the robot as his needs change at such a rapid rate. The childcare robot may only be programmed to handle toddlers and infants instead of school going children and hence it may become inadequate in looking after a child as they grow older. A child raised by machines may be detrimental to society and contribute to the degradation of healthy human relationships in the generations to come. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that childcare robots are largely beneficial to enhancing childcare. Even without the existence of robots, there are still cases of child abuse and negligence by parents who have shirked their responsibility in caring for their child. In such cases, a robot may actually do an even better job in ensuring that the child is well taken care of. As research on childcare robots intensifies, the robot can be programmed to perform more sophisticated tasks, inter alia, expressing emotions and reacting differently to a wide vocabulary of words and range of feelings. However, in spite of the hype and benefits of childcare robots, I personally feel that it would be of best interest to society that they should only be used as a tool to assist in childcare and not replace the quintessential role of parents. Conclusion In conclusion, although the potential and benefits of childcare robots are limitless in the future, it is critical for us human beings to take a step back and ponder over the underlying ethical and legal issues that arise from their use. There should be a concerted effort by governments and a regulatory body to create a set of common and concrete guidelines to regulate the use of childcare robots. However, I feel that these are but mere infant steps to a realm of human co-existing with artificial intelligence. I care about our young people, and I wish them great success, because they are our Hope for the Futureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dave Barry Youths are the key to our future. It is imperative then that children ought to be moulded in the footsteps of a human being than that of a cold piece of metal work.

All Different

I have been working with this organization for the past six months. It’s been from the last three months that I got permanent for this job as a researcher for the morning show â€Å"NEWS†. When I signed my employment contract with dawn news TV it was mentioned clearly there that the working hours for this job will be eight hours. However, through out this time I have been working on an average of fourteen hours six days a week and the show is doing pretty good too. Our team comprises of six people where there is room for more people in the team. It is due to this reason that the work load on the existing employees is very high.The show is going on air five days a week therefore we need extra help. There are no fixed working hours for this show. I walk in everyday at 10a. m. in the morning and by the time I leave office it’s almost midnight. These inflexible working hours is affecting my health and personal life. I am not able to give time to anything else. I am m arried with a young daughter and due to this job I am hardly able to give time to my wife and child. I am willing to put in the extra handwork but it’s unfair on my part because I am being paid like any other researcher in the team where as I do the work of the editor as well.These people leave early at six in the evening but I wait till the final episode is approved. Inconvenient working hour’s increases work related stress and can reduce the level of motivation. Flexible working hours is an important part of job satisfaction. It is management’s job to look into the well being of its employees at work because in the long run this can affect the quality of work too. Work should be divided among employees equally according to the skills of each employee in a way that no one feels the burden. I have noticed that the work at our office starts very late may be that’s the reason that it ends late.It will be preferable if everyone reaches office on time at nine in the morning so that everyone gets off early and can go home on time. The management needs to seriously look into the matter of hiring extra staff for our work. Once we get extra help the work load will be divided and it will help improve the timing issue automatically. I am assigned work that is more than my specified job. Recently I got to know that the company had hired another employee after me, she has been working on the same designation like me but she is being paid more than me. This is another factor which I feel is discrimination on my side.I like working for this organization that’s the reason I wanted to discuss the issue with you before taking on any decision. Our boss is single and a workaholic probably that’s why she doesn’t realize this inconvenience at work. You can talk to her and moreover if you want you can check my progress report and my work. I am sure that you won’t be disappointed. I am trying to give this organization my best b ut in return I want these two issues to be resolved my timings and pay otherwise I am liking my work and enjoy doing it and it’s an honor to be associated with Dawn news.I hope that you will look into this matter and consider my scenario. I will be waiting for your response, looking forward to your cooperation. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ TO: Daniel steel FROM: Chris Brown, manager Dawn News TV SUBJECT: inconvenient working hours DATE: 31 July, 2008 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. I visited your department this week. I even had a meeting with your boss and have looked into your matter. I have asked them to present me a report regarding this matter and they will be submitting it in a shortly. You have been having issues adjusting with the time.There were few instances when you had to stay up late in office and that was due to the fact that your boss was not in town. But these kinds of circumstances are very rare and not everyday so you need to give it a consideration. You are over looking the fact that you work for an organization which is into media and the timings of offices in media are different from the ones in banking or any other place in case you are comparing it with them. Its not a nine to five job where you just walk in and complete your work and go back home it has completely different set of requirements.You are working for a show that deals with broadcasting news in morning timings. A news channel can come up with breaking news anytime of the day and we expect our employees to be cooperative enough to handle the situation and takeover without wasting anytime. That’s the reason that you might have got few calls at odd time of the day at fewer situations. It was not mentioned in your employment contract that when you need to be here and when to leave. You have to complete your number of working hours so if you walk in early then you need to go late too as you yourself mentioned that you reach office at 10a.m. once you complete your working hours you can leave and that’s what you normally do as far as my information is concerned. I completely understand that you have a personal life along with your professional life but I think you need to manage and plan things so that they don’t overlap and create problems for yourself. You talked about the pay rise. You have just joined this organization. It’s only been three months that you have become a permanent employee of Dawn news. Normally we don’t give a pay rise to any employee this soon.Every year we h ave an evaluation form that is filled by each employee and later interviews are held regarding work of each employee. This is done by the human resource department of the organization where we try to get feed back from everyone of their experience at work and their expectations from it moreover, how much have they learned and based on that we revise the pay structure if it is required. The other employee that joined after you is no doubt on the same designation as yours but you are again over looking the fact that he has already been working for Star channel for 1 years and CNBC for six months previously.When he joined he had a solid working experience relative to your job because compared to him this is your first job and you didn’t have any experience of a channel before. So it would be unfair on that person’s part if you compare your pay scale with him. Still next summer we will be having our evaluation, if we feel you are capable enough we will consider your appeal . As far as giving the credit is concerned then your name is mentioned in the editors at the end of the news so we do give you credit for what you are doing.I have gone through your progress report too. Well done! I like your dedication and commitment towards work and we need more people like you in the organization. Don’t let your self down. We don’t want to over stress out employees if you want you can take a leave and come back and join again may be this is going to help you. Apart from this if there is anything else feel free to contact me in future too I’ll try my best to help you with your queries. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assignment 2 IntroductionTrasberry departmental store has been operating in the country from the past 10 years and over the time it has been successful in opening 50 branches all over the country. It is one of the leading departmental stores in the region of its kind. Moreover, it is known for investing in innovative practices and implementing them in their business which keeps them way ahead then their competitors and has made their business so successful. Current Situation Along With the New System Transberry has been working in order to introduce a standardized extranet format that will be used by the company.At present all the information regarding the retailers while ordering inventory comes from diverse sources and therefore it is difficult for the suppliers and retailers to track one another. Moreover most of the data of the retailers is not synchronized so its gives a tough time to the suppliers. Therefore Transberry has worked with its IT professionals to come up with a solution in this field by creating a database where the information of all the suppliers and retailers will be sto red and maintained. Apart from that the system will be providing advance ordering process in order to maintain inventory.At present the company is using the traditional method of ordering which fails to predict the accurate level of reordering . In this orders have to be places months back so that delivery is made on time. However at the time of sales at one place there is excess inventory at the end of the month or there is shortage. The shortage adversely affects the image of the company as the customers have to face difficulty. Therefore the new system will over come both the problem of ordering as well as maintaining an extranet for the external use.Benefits †¢ The new system will organize the work and make it much fast and convenient for the retailers and suppliers. †¢ The ordering time will reduce †¢ Reliable data will be available which will help the source to track the destination. †¢ Data will not be up to date †¢ There will be less wastage of inven tory(Davila, Epstein, & Shelton, 2005). †¢ Often the excess inventory gets out of date or expired in terms of perishable goods so that problem will be solved too. †¢ There will be no customer discontent as timely delivery of goods will be made.†¢ Previously the ordering system used to take around two months now it will generate the order in one week and the goods will be delivered in the next three days. †¢ The pace of work will become much faster, time, resources and money will be saved. Costs Before this there was no proper database available to the existing retailers. Transberry has invested on the research and study of this system and it’s after six months that their IT team has come up with this system. The cost of this system will be undertaken by Transberry for the time being.They will be using the system for first few months however later on the company plans to hold a meeting where the new system will be introduced to the other companies in the sa me business and after consensus the costs will be shared among them all. Right now the total cost of this system along with labor will be $1 million. Method of Implementation It’s going to be a huge database and along with standardized extranet access. It will be requiring a team of researchers and analysts who along with our IT team will be working on the system once the project is approved. They will be giving us timely progress on this project every one week.The system will take another six months to develop and then come into function. All the other companies will be given access to this system later on depending on their status on this project. The company will be requiring specialist staff which they will have to hire in order to use the system later on. These IT professional will be given one week training on the job by our senior professionals. For the advance ordering process the data will have to be entered and the system will itself calculate the amount of inventor y to be ordered based on the past sales and season example Christmas, or summer season where the sales are high.The same people will be trained will be handing and take care of both the works. Conclusion Transberry has always been experimenting with their method of work in order to come up with better practices. The recent innovation that they have come up with is not going to benefit Transberry but on the whole it will be beneficial for every company in the industry. Innovation and creativity is required in every field especially in this fast moving era of technology.The system proposes a better solution of ordering and the major advantage of that is the reduction in wastage and accuracy in estimation of ordering inventory whereas the ordering system between retailer and supplier will also become efficient once the system is implemented. Its over all impact on the industry will be positive. The cost of the system initially is going to be high but if we look through the long term af fects and benefits that it is highly recommended that the company should move on with their decision of investing in this project and it is very necessary to solve the dilemma.